Key Concepts in Political Philosophy

These flashcards cover key concepts in political philosophy, including theories about government, rights, and economic systems.

What are Natural Rights?

Rights that all humans are born with, including the rights to life, liberty, and property.

Define Rationalism in political thought.

A system of thought expanded by René Descartes based on the belief that reason is the chief source of knowledge.

What is Absolutism?

A political system where a ruler has total power.

What is the Divine Right of Kings?

The belief that a monarch's power comes directly from God, making the ruler unaccountable to the people.

What does Montesquieu's Separation of Powers propose?

That government power should be divided into separate branches to prevent any one group from becoming too powerful.

What is the Social Contract according to J.J.R. ?

The agreement between people and their government where people give up some freedoms in exchange for protection and order.

Describe a Constitutional Republic.

A form of government where leaders are elected and their power is limited by a written Constitution.

What is an Oligarchy?

A form of government in which a select group of people exercises control.

Define Egalitarianism.

The belief that all people are equal and deserve the same rights and opportunities.

What is the Nordic Model?

An economic system that combines free markets with strong government programs like healthcare, education, and social welfare.