Chemistry - Chemical Formulas & Bonding (CFB.1)

Will be updated as notes go on

What is a chemical formula?

A symbolic representation of chemical compounds

What are 2 things that chemical formulas tell you?

Elements in compounds and number of atoms in each element

How are electrons used in ionic bonds?

Electrons are transferred between atoms

Do ionic bonds have large, medium, or low electronegativity difference? What does the electronegativity have to be to have an ionic bond?

Large electronegativity difference. ΔΧ ≥ 1.7

What type of element(s) are used in ionic bonds?

Metal and nonmetal elements

What state are ionic bonds usually in?

Solids

Do ionic bonds have no, some, or strong attraction?

Strong attraction

What are the ionic compounds in ionic bonds called?

Crystals

How are electrons used in nonpolar covalent bonds?

Electrons are shared equally between atoms

Do nonpolar covalent bonds have large, medium, or low electronegativity difference? What does the electronegativity have to be to have an ionic bond?

Low electronegativity difference. ΔΧ ≤ 0.4

What type of element(s) are used in nonpolar covalent bonds?

All nonmetals

What state are nonpolar covalent bonds usually in?

Gases

Do nonpolar covalent bonds have no, some, or strong attraction?

No attraction

What are the nonpolar covalent compounds in nonpolar covalent bonds called?

Molecules

How are electrons used in polar covalent bonds?

Electrons are drawn closer to one atom

Do polar covalent bonds have large, medium, or low electronegativity difference? What does the electronegativity have to be to have an ionic bond?

Medium electronegativity difference. 0.4 ≤ ΔΧ ≤ 1.7

What type of element(s) are used in polar covalent bonds?

All nonmetals

What state are polar covalent bonds usually in?

Liquids

Do polar covalent bonds have no, some, or strong attraction?

Some attraction

What are the polar covalent compounds in polar covalent bonds called?

Molecules

Rule for writing ionic compounds?

The cation must always be written first and the charges must add to 0

What are binary ionic compounds made out of?

Monoatomic cation + Monoatomic anion

Write an example of binary ionic compounds with magnesium and chloride (chloride is an anion of chlorine)

Mg²⁺ + Cl^- + Cl^- = MgCl₂