Intro, Cell Identification

What is hematology?

The science concerned with blood and blood-forming tissues

Studying cells in the blood allows for the ____, _____, _____ of blood diseases

prediction, detection, diagnosis

Hematology involves ____, ____, and ____ the appearance, phenotype, and genotype of the cells

counting; analyzing; recording

What are the four functions of blood?

• transports nutrients and waste products

• facilitates gas exchange

• provides immunological support

• aids in coagulation

What are the three components of blood after centrifugation?

• Plasma

• Buffy coat

• Red blood cells

What is plasma composed of and their percentages?

• Water (91.5%)

• Proteins (7%)

• Other solutes (1.5%)

What is the buffy coat composed of?

• White blood cells

• Platelets

Blood cells can be counted and the appearance and structure of cells can be analyzed by both ____ and _____ methods

manual; automated

What is the morphology of the cell?

The appearance of a cell

What are the characteristics do we identify blood cells with?

• Nucleus

• Cytoplasm

• Granules

Orange coloured granules are _____

eosinophilic

Blue coloured granules are _____

basophilic

Purple coloured granules are ______

azurophilic

Lavender coloured granules are _____

neutrophilic

What are the three granulocytes?

• Eosinophil

• Neutrophil

• Basophil

Granulocytes fight what?

infection

Red Blood cells characteristics:

• size - _____

• shape - _____

• nucleus - _____

• cytoplasm - _____

• granules - _____

• size - 6-8 um

• shape - biconcave disc

• nucleus - none

• cytoplasm - reddish-pink, with central pallor

• granules - none

Platelets characteristics:

• size - _____

• shape - _____

• nucleus - _____

• cytoplasm - _____

• granules - ____

• size - 2-4 um

• shape - round or elliptical

• nucleus - none

• cytoplasm - clear to light blue

• granules - fine, azurophilic, aggregated in the centre

What are the five white blood cells?

• Neutrophils

• Eosinophils

• Basophils

• Lymphocytes (large, small)

• Monocytes

Eosinophils characteristics:

• size - _____

• nucleus - _____

• cytoplasm - _____

• granules - ____

• size - 12-17 um

• nucleus - usually bi-lobed, condensed chromatin

• cytoplasm - light pink, often obscured by granules

• granules - large, spherical, uniform in size, evenly distributed, orange-red (eosinophilic)

Basophils characteristics:

• size - _____

• nucleus - _____

• cytoplasm - _____

• granules - ____

• size - 12-17 um

• nucleus - usually lobulated, often obscured by granules, coarse chromatin

• cytoplasm - light pink, often obscured by granules

• granules - blue-black (basophilic), large, abundant, prominent

Small Lymphocytes characteristics:

• size - _____

• shape - _____

• nucleus - _____

• cytoplasm - _____

• granules - ____

• size - 7-10 um

• shape - round

• nucleus - round, darkly staining, clumped chromatin

• cytoplasm - clear, small rim of light blue

• granules - usually none

Large Lymphocytes characteristics:

• size - _____

• shape - _____

• nucleus - _____

• cytoplasm - _____

• granules - ____

• size - 14-20 um

• shape - irregular

• nucleus - round or slightly indented flat, dense chromatin

• cytoplasm - clear or pale blue, may be indented by surrounding RBCs

• granules - few irregularly distributed, medium sized, azurophilic granules

Monocytes characteristics:

• size - _____

• shape - _____

• nucleus - _____

• cytoplasm - _____

• granules - ____

• size - 15-20 um

• shape - irregular

• nucleus - round, oval, indented, folded, kidney-shaped; lacy, delicate chromatin

• cytoplasm - abundant opaque grey-blue “ground glass appearance”

• granules - many fine dust-like azurophilic or lilac granules

What is the normal RBC range for males

4.30 - 6.00 × 10¹²/L

What is the normal RBC range for females

3.80 - 5.20 × 10¹²/L

What is the normal platelet count?

140 - 400 × 10⁹/L

What is the critical range of platelet count?

<20 × 10⁹/L

What is the normal WBC range?

4.0 - 11.0 × 10⁹/L

What is the critical range of WBCs?

<0.6 or >99.9 × 10⁹/L