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Science and Technology (S&T)

The development and application of knowledge and tools to solve problems and improve society.

Socioeconomic progress

The improvement in the economic and social conditions of a country or region.

Third World countries

Developing countries with lower levels of industrialization and a lower standard of living compared to developed countries.

Political sovereignty

The authority and power of a government to govern and make decisions within its own territory.

Economic self-reliance

The ability of a country to support its own economy without relying on external aid or resources.

Indigenous knowledge system

The traditional knowledge and practices of a specific group or community, often passed down through generations.

Folk science

The traditional knowledge and practices related to science and technology that are specific to a particular culture or community.

Galleon trade

The trading route between Manila in the Philippines and Acapulco in Mexico during the Spanish colonial period.

Educational mismatch

A situation where the education system does not align with the needs and opportunities of the labor market, resulting in a gap between skills and job requirements.

Americanization

The process of adopting American culture, values, and practices, often as a result of colonization or influence from the United States.