Chapter 6: Global Inequalities

Define Civilisations.

Is a complex human society, usually made up of different cities, with certain characteristics of cultural and technological development.

Define Colonialism.

It is the policy of a state or people seeking to establish and maintain authority over another state or people.

International Monetary Fund

During the late 1980s, high levels of debt led the ________ (IMF) and the World Bank to require that countries in the less developed world adopt structural adjustment policies- involving even greater emphasis on export production- before additional loans would be issued or existing loans restructured.

UN report

The ________ is explicitly concerned with how development affects the majority poor populations of the less developed world and recognizes a need to enlarge the range of individual choice.

international effort

A concerned and co- operative ________ is needed to improve the quality of peasant farming and to reorient it towards the production of staple foods.

Physical

________ or human circumstances: factors such as flooding, drought or war effect.

political contexts

In ________, it is a relationship in which one state or people is dependent on, and therefore dominated by, another state or people.

Define Poverty.

It is the state of having little or no money and few or no material possessions.

Resettlement

________- in some countries is an option for a few.

1750

Capitalism emerged gradually from feudalism in the sixteenth century, consolidated up to ________, and expanded to cover the world in the form of industrial capitalism by 1900.

political opinion

According to a report, refugee is a person owing to a well- founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or ________, is outside the country of his nationality, and is unable to, or unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country.

Small changes

________ in the price of a commodity can significantly affect entitlements.

rare deadly disease

It is a(n) ________ caused by infection with one of of virus strains.

HDI

The ________ has been modified to incorporate inequalities within countries by considering national disparities in gender, income, health and education.

What is World Dependency Theory?

It is a body of ideas that suggests a division of the world into a core, semi-periphery, and periphery, stressing that the periphery is dependent on the core; has numerous implications for an understanding of the less developed world.

Define Pandemic.

It is a term used to designate diseases with very wide distribution (a whole country, or even the world); epidemic diseases have more limited distribution.

What is a Typhoon?

It is a regional term used for tropical cyclone.

What is meant by the term Third World?

It is a term used during early 1950s, in the context saying some countries are under developed.

Illness

________ was seen as more of a spiritual problem rather than a medical problem.

Describe world regions classified as developed and less developed.

The more developed world comprises all of Europe and North America plus Australia, New Zealand, and Japan. All other countries in the world are classified as less developed.

How are countries assessed as developed or less developed?

- least developed countries have especially low incomes, high economic vulnerability, and poor human development indicators.
- in the least developed parts, they have relatively high levels of mortality and fertility and relatively low levels of literacy and industrialization. In addition, they are often in trouble with political problems stemming from poor government and from ethnic or other rivalries

Earthquakes

________ and Volcanic eruptions are regular occurrences.

Overpopulation

________: increased number of people.

normal activity

Is when diet is inadequate to sustain ________.

What is meant by Internally Displaced Person (IDP)?

People who flee their homes but remain within their home country; unlike refugees they do not cross international boundary

Indian Ocean

The impact of an earth movement on the ________ seabed resulted in a devastating tsunami that hit parts of Asia and Africa in December 2004.

Food aid funds are for?

They are normally sent to countries known to be governed by corrupt politicians.

Aid

________ is often directed to urban areas, even though the greatest need is usually in rural areas; indeed, much donated food goes to governments, which then sell it for profit.

Refugee movements

________ are prompted by civil wars and forms of ethnic conflicts.

Define Civilization.

Is a complex human society, usually made up of different cities, with certain characteristics of cultural and technological development

What is World Systems Theory?

It is a body of ideas that suggests a division of the world into a core, semi-periphery, and periphery, stressing that the periphery is dependent on the core; has numerous implications for an understanding of the less developed world.

Define Dependency Theory.

It is a theory that centres on the relationship between dependence and underdevelopment.

This is because economic value is transferred in one direction only

from periphery to core

Normally, economic and social development has been measured by reference to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita or Gross National Product (GNP) per capita also known as Gross National Income (GNI) per capita

on the grounds that such macroeconomic indicators not only provide reliable data for comparing various countries economic performance but also serve as reliable surrogate measures of social development in the areas of health, education, and overall quality of life

Overpopulation

increased number of people

Inadequate distribution of available supplies

most countries have the transportation infrastructure to guarantee the intranational movement of food, but other factors prevent satisfactory distribution

Physical or human circumstances

factors such as flooding, drought or war effect

In addition to entitlements at the international scale, this identifies entitlements at three other scales

national, regional, and household

During the late 1980s, high levels of debt led the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank to require that countries in the less developed world adopt structural adjustment policies

involving even greater emphasis on export production-before additional loans would be issued or existing loans restructured

Partition of India and Pakistan caused movement of 16 million people

8 million Muslims fled from India to Pakistan, while 8 million Hindus and SIkhs fled from Pakistan to India

Asylum Seekers

people who have left their home country and applied for refugee status in some other country, usually in more developed world

Who are Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs)

They are people who flee their homes but remain within their home country; unlike refugees they do not cross international boundary.

UNHCR estimates there are 60 million people worldwide forced to leave their homes

the difference between that and the official figure reflects many distressing situations for which reasonably detailed data are not available

Voluntary repatriation

is not possible for most refugees because in most cases the circumstances that cause them to leave have not changed

Local settlement

is difficult in areas that are poor and have lack of resources

Resettlement

in some countries is an option for a few

Debt for less developed countries

these loans, intended for establishment and support of economic and social programs had long paybacks terms because it was expected