Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
DNA, RNA, Proteins
The molecules of life
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
The blueprint for life. It is a polymer of nucleotides. Discovered by Watson and Crick
Nitrogenous Base, Phosphate, 5-carbon sugar
Nucleotides is composed of ____________________, ________________, __________________
Purines
DNA BASES
Bases with a double-ring structure.
Adenine and Guanine
Pyrimidines
DNA BASES
Cytosine and Thymine
Thymine
Adenine always pairs with ________________
Guanine
Cytosine pairs with __________________
DNA Replication
Occurs before a cell divides. The biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA. The resulting double-stranded DNA molecules are identical; proofreading and error-checking mechanisms exist.
DNA topoisomerase
DNA REPLICATION
First: an enzyme __________________________ untangles the coils.
Helicase
DNA REPLICATION
Next: Enzymes called _______________ "unzip" the DNA molecule exposing both strands nitrogenous bases. The DNA is separated into two strands.
DNA polymerase
DNA REPLICATION
Then: (enzyme) ________________ pairs the bases A-T and G-C. It checks work and corrects mistakes. Nucleotides are paired.
DNA ligase
DNA REPLICATION
Last: __________________ (enzyme) follows behind and bonds the nucleotides together. Two strands of DNA are created.
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
Very similar to DNA (repeating subunits, nucleotides). Each nucleotide contains a different sugar: Ribose. Bases are A, G, C, and U (Uracil). It is single stranded and shorter
Central Dogma
Theory that states that, in cells, information only flows from DNA to RNA to proteins.
DNA (Transcription) RNA (Translation) Protein
mRNA, rRNA, tRNA
3 different RNA molecules involved in protein synthesis
Transcription
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
Occurs in the nucleus. Copying of genetic information from DNA to RNA.
Translation
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
Occurs in the cytoplasm. Decoding of mRNA into a protein
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Carries amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome. Each codes for a different amino acid.
The Genetic Code
Consists of 64 codons. But only 61 code amino acids.
Codon
Each 3 consecutive bases on the mRNA is a code word, ____________, that specifies an amino acid.
Stop
Three codons act as signal to ____________ the process
AUG
One codon, ______, codes for methionine, and is also the Start signal for translation.