Theology quiz Wednesday

Nicholas Copernicus

Polish Catholic, Brough upon idea that the universe/galaxy was centered around the sun (heliocentric), opposed the given idea that the universe was centered around the Earth. Work published after his death and deemed heretical by the Protestant and Catholic Church.

Heliocentric

At the time heretical idea the universe revolved around the sun; today is proven to be true.

Galileo Galilei

Proved Copernicus’s theory of a heliocentric universe through use of a telescope. published his works in Starry Messenger in 1610, Condemned and placed under house arrest until his 1642 death.

geocentric

At the time generally Christian supported idea that the universe revolved around the Earth; obviously now false.

The Age of Enlightenment

Time period from early 1700’s, peaked in 1770’s. Intellectual movement that emphasized reason over tradition and science over blind faith to God, helped birth idea of atheism in long run.

Enlightenment

Defined by Immanuel Kant "man's emergence from his self-imposed immaturity,” refers to the ideals evolving in 1700s.

Immanuel Kant

Philosopher of the Enlightenment age that thought it impossible to believe that any creed or doctrine passed on in a tradition can be invested with authority by rational people, since this would keep them from progressing further in their understanding.

American Revolution

Revolution practically founded on Enlightenment ideals, wanted to have a nation not subject to the ruling or tradition of one person in things such as a monarchy. Showed clear separation of Church and state and democracy.

French Revolution

Revolution that also fed off of enlightenment ideals. Revolution government wanted to make the Church a department of the National government forcing the Pope to sever his ties with the government Church.

Civil Constitution of The Clergy

French Revolution act of the National Assembly which made the Church a department of government. After the Pope’s removal from the situation, French Catholic clergy were forced to swear loyalty to this.

Constitutional Church

Result of French Revolution, Church acts as a department of government, created when some Catholic clergy swore loyalty to the Civil Constitution over the Pope.

Ultramontane

Term for Clergy who chose to stay loyal to the Pope after events of French Revolution. translates to “Loyal to the Pope Alone”

The Cult of the Supreme Being

“Religion” created to try and eliminate Christianity from France and the government. Enlightenment ideal fed religion.

Temple of Reason

Place of worship for The Cult of The Supreme Being. Even converted the Notre Dame Cathedral to one of these during French Revolution.

“Reign of Terror”

Name given to refer to the more radical portion of the French Revolution, generally against the Church.

Napoleon Bonaparte

French leader that took control at the tail end of the Revolution. Allowed Catholic Church to regain control in France.

Félicité de Lamennais

Voice during French Revolution that tried to counter the French Anti Catholic Sentiment and tried to make the Revolution almost entirely in favor of the Church. Ideas and group condemned by Pope Gregory XVI

Liberal Catholic Movement

Movement perpetuated by Lamennais to try and force the French Revolution to a more Catholic point of view.

Mirari vos

Book written by Pope Gregory XVI to condemn liberal Catholicism, and ideas of Félicité de Lamennais

Giovanni Mastai Ferretti

Liberal Catholic sympathizer that was elected pope in 1846. Took name Pope Pious IX (Pio Nono). Made Catholic Liberalism the most popular philosophy in 1800s Europe.

Pope Pious IX, Pio Nono

names taken by Giovanni Mastai Ferretti when he became Pope.

the Immaculate Conception of Mary in 1854 and papal infallibility in 1870.

Doctrinal decrees made by Pope Pious IX

encyclical Quanta cura

Book written by Pope Pious IX that condemned liberal ideas such as liberalism, socialism, communism, and secularism.. Exemplified his change from supporting Liberal Catholicism to now condemning it.

Syllabus of Errors

Document attached to the encyclical Quanta cura, condemned specific things related to liberal Catholicism.

First Vatican Council/Vatican I

Ecumenical council called by Pope Pious IX after his publication of the Syllabus of Errors to implement his condemnations into Catholicism.

Papal Infallibility

Other primary item in the First Vatican Council called by Pope Pious I. Proved in this council, said the pope was never wrong in his rulings, condemned Counciliarism.