protozoans ciliates

ONLY CILIATE known to cause human disease

Balantidium coli

balantidiasis/ balantidial dysentery

Balantidium coli

Cyst with double-protective cyst wall INFECTIVE STAGE Trophozoite with cytostome for ingestio

Balantidium coli

intestinal epithelium wide-necked ulcer with a rounded base

Balantidium coli

Tetracycline,Metronidazole, Iodoquinol

Balantidium coli

epidemic and endemic diarrhea

Giardia lamblia

Cyst: quadrinucleate, Trophozoite: binucleate, teardrop-shaped

Giardia lamblia

Acute infection: excessive flatus,(+) rotten egg odor;Chronic infection: steatorrhea (greasy frothy stool ), loss of epithelial barrier function -malabsorption syndrome

Giardia lamblia

falling leaf motility Entero test

Giardia lamblia

Metronidazole

Giardia lamblia

trichomoniasis,symptomatic vaginitis,Only sexually transmitted protozoan

Trichomonas vaginalis

only as trophozoite form

Trichomonas vaginalis

malodorous, yellow-green vaginal discharge, strawberry cervix

Trichomonas vaginalis

four anterior flagella, axostyle common

Trichomonas vaginalis

Chagas disease

Trypanosoma cruzi

Trypomastigotes found in the bloodstream,diagnostic; Metacyclic trypomastigote infective

Trypanosoma cruzi

intermediate host Triatomine/Reduviid bugs, kissing bug

Trypanosoma cruzi

acute-Chagoma local inflammation at the site of inoculation, Romaña’s sign: Edema of the eyelid

Trypanosoma cruzi

chronic primarily affects the heart Cardiomyopathy, Megasophagus, Megacolon

Trypanosoma cruzi

West African (chronic)

T. brucei gambiense

East African (acute)sleeping sickness human African trypanosomiasis

T. brucei rhodesiense

Tsetse fly ,Invades lymph, spleen, CSF and CNS; Metacyclic trypomastigote (infective/diadnostic )

Trypanosoma brucei

Hemolymphatic painful, hard chancre at inoculation site, Acute stage fever joint and muscle pains tachycardia, dizziness Winterbottom’s sign(posterior cervical lymphadenopathy)

Trypanosoma brucei

chronic Meningoencephalitic CNS invasion. severe headaches, mental dullness and apathy; Kerandel’s sign (hyperesthesia; somnolence -death)

Trypanosoma brucei

ELISA, hemagglutination, immunofluorescence

Trypanosoma brucei

Pentamidine

Trypanosoma brucei Gambian

Suramin

Trypanosoma brucei Rhodesian

Melarsoprol: late stages with CNS involvement

Trypanosoma bruceiRhodesian

Eflornithine: HIGHLY EFFECTIVE for BOTH early and late stages

Trypanosoma brucei Gambian

sandflies,Lutzomyia

Leishmania spp.

1st line antimonials-sodium sribogluconate ,2ndline amphotericin Bmetronidazole

Leishmania spp

Pentamidine Kala azar

Leishmania Donovani

Intermediate host man, definitive host anopheles mosquito

Plasmodium

Infective sporozoite , diagnostic tropozoites, schizont, gametocytes

Plasmodium

Banana shaped

Plasmodium falciparum

Relapse plasmodium

P vivax