Parts of the Cell

Cell Theory #1

All organisms are composed of cells and within them life processes occur

Cell Theory #2

Cells are the smallest living things

Cell Theory #3

Cells arise only from pre-existing cells

Schwann and Schleiden

The creators of cell theory

Robert Hooke

First to identify and name cells

Light Microscope

Used for illumination and resolution of 0.2 mm

Electron Microscope

Uses a beam of electrons for illumination and has a resolution of 2 nm

Light Microscope

Advantageous for viewing living organisms

Electron Microscopy

Allows for higher magnification and more detail

Scanning Electron Microscope

Beam of electrons scans across a cells surface, creating details of a cell surface characteristic

Transmission Electron Microscope

Electron beam penetrates the cell and provides details of a cell’s internal structures

Prokaryotic Cell

Absent nucleus, DNA is in an unbound region (nucleoid), no membrane bound organelles, cytoplasm bound by the plasma membrane

Eukaryotic Cell

DNA is in a nucleus, membrane bound organelles, cytoplasm in the region between the plasma membrane and nucleus

Plasma Membrane

A selective barrier, surround cells and organelles, comprised of phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and sugars

Cytoplasm

Interior of the cell with all the organelles and stuff inside

Cytosol

The fluid in a cell

Catabolism

Breakdown of a molecule into smaller components

Anabolism

Synthesis of cellular molecules and macromolecules

Enterocytes

Tall columnar cell of the intestinal lining, absorb molecules from the gut lumen

The nucleus

Contains most of the DNA in a eukaryotic cell (information central)

Nuclear Pores

Regulate entry and exit of molecules from the nucleus

Chromatin

When DNA is wrapped around histone proteins

Ribosomes

Carry out protein synthesis (protein factories)

The cytosol and the outside of the ER or nuclear envelope

Where ribosomes are found