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theory
a systematic explanation of how or why something happens
social darwinism
belief that social inequality is “natural” and based on survival of the fittest
apartheid
system of racial segregation and oppression in south africa
marxist theory
society is shaped by class conflict between workers and owners
structural functionalism
society works like a system where each part has a function
assimilation theory
minority groups gradually adopt dominant culture
melting pot theory
all cultures blend into one unified culture
structural role theory
people behave according to roles shaped by social structures
contact theory
prejudice decreases when groups interact under the right conditions
cosmopolitanism
identity as global citizens valuing diveristy
pluralism/multiculturalism
multiple cultures coexist and are valued
postmodernism
challenges universal truths; emphasizes multiple perspectives
constructivism
people create meaning through social interaction
symbolic interactionalism
society is built through shared meanings and interactions
social identity theory
identity is shaped by group membership (in-groups vs out-groups)
narrative theory
people make sense of life through stories
critical race theory
racism is embedded in laws, institutions, and systems
indigenous theories
knowledge rooted in indigenous worldviews, community, land, and relationality
praxis
applying theory to action for social change
feminist theory
examines gender inequality and power
strengths/resiliency perspective
focus on clients’ abilities, resources, and resilience
person-in-environment perspective
individuals are shaped by their social, cultural, and environmental contexts
liberation pedagogy
education as a tool for empowerment and resisting oppression
homophily
tendency to associe
white privilege
unearned advantages given to white people in society
human capital theory
education/skills increase economic value
culturally grounded social work
practice rooted in clients’ cultural identities and community knowledge
colonialism
control over another group/land
annexation
taking territory
migration
movement of people
genocide
intent to destroy a group
expulsion
forcing a group out
secession
group breaks away
segregation
physical/social separation
amalgamation/fusion
groups blend into one
assimilation
minority adopts dominant culture
colorism
discrimination based on skin tone within the same racial group
jim crow laws/slave codes
laws enforcing racial segregation and controlling enslaved people
chicano/a
mexican-american identity emphasizing culture and activism
latinx
gender-neutral term for people of latin american origin