Biology Review

Biogeochemical Cycle

 Process in which elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one part of the biosphere to another

What is the difference between Trophic Levels?

Primary Consumers, Primary Producers, Etc.

What are the levels of food chains?

The series where energy is transferred

What is the most abundant gas?

Nitrogen

Where is the majority of freshwater?

In Glaciers/Frozen

What is the main component of fertilizer?

Nitrogen

What is the process of photosynthesis?

Process where plants make their food

What is Nitrogen Fixation

Process of converting nitrogen gas into nitrogen compounds that plants can absorb and use

What is Nitrification

Process of turning nitrogen compounds into gasses (nitrotes & nitrates)

Where does energy come from?

Sun

What is Biomass?

Total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level

What is the foundation of an ecosystem?

Autotrophs / Primary Producer

What is an example of a carnivore?

Snake , lion

What is an example of a detrivore?

Worm

What is an example of a herbivore?

Rabbit

What is an example of an omnivore?

Humans, bear

What is an example of a decomposer?

Fungi

What process do autotrophs use to capture energy from the sun?

Photosynthesis

What do some bacteria use in place of photosynthesis

Chemosynthesis

What is a heterotroph?

Consumer

What is an autotroph?

Producer

What is a measure of energy called?

J (Joules)

A pyramid of Energy starts at 20,000 , what is the next layers amount of energy?

2,000

What is the percentage of Nitrogen on Earth

78%

What is the percentage of Oxygen on Earth

21%

What percent of the water on Earth is salt water?

97%

What percent of the water on Earth is fresh water?

3%

What percent of that fresh water is frozen?

70%

What is the water cycle?

condensation

precipitation

transpiration

evaporation

Autotrophs

Organism that is able to capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds; also called a producer

Biogeochemical Cycle

Process in which elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one part of the biosphere to another

Chemosynthesis

Process in which chemical energy is used to produce carbohydrates

Consumer

Organism that relies on other organisms for its energy and food supply; also called a heterotroph

Denitrification

Process by which bacteria converts nitrates

Detritus

Material made up of decaying bits of plant and animal material

Ecological Pyramid

 Model of the relative amounts of energy or matter contained within each trophic level in a given food chain or food web 

Food Chain

Series of steps in an ecosystem in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten

Food Web

Network of complex interactions formed by the feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem

Heterotroph

Organism that obtains food by consuming other living things; also called consumers 

Limiting Nutrient

Single essential nutrient that limits productivity in an ecosystem

Nitrogen Fixation

Process of converting nitrogen gas into nitrogen compounds that plants can absorb and use

Nutrient

Chemical substance that an organism needs to sustain life 

Photosynthesis

Process used by plants and other autotrophs to capture light energy and use it to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich carbohydrates such as sugars and starches

Phytoplankton

Photosynthesis algae found near the surface of the ocean

Primary Producer

First producer of energy-rich compounds that are later used by other organisms

Trophic Level

Each step in a food chain or food web