AP HG terms / models

Autonomous region

a defined area within a country that has a degree of self-government and freedom from external authority

supranationalism

the process of multiple countries forming an organization or alliance to achieve shared goals—often related to economic, political, military, or environmental interests.

arid climate

a type of dry climate characterized by very low precipitation, high evaporation rates, and limited vegetation. It is commonly found in desert regions. Ex (Sahra Desert )

range

the maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a good or service.

threshold

the minimum market size or demand needed to support a particular good or service.

primate city

a city that is significantly larger and more influential than its next largest city, often serving as a cultural, economic, and political hub in a country.

mega city

a very large city, typically with a population over 10 million, that often exerts significant influence on a global or regional scale.

edge city

a relatively large urban area situated on the outskirts of a city, featuring substantial retail, office space, and residential communities, often emerging as a result of suburbanization.

shantytowns

informal settlements characterized by inadequate housing and lack of basic services, often arising on the periphery of urban areas.

Bos-Wash Corridors

a heavily populated urban region in the northeastern United States, extending from Boston to Washington, D.C., including important cities such as New York City and Philadelphia.

redevelopment

the process of improving or revitalizing urban areas through renovation, repurposing of structures, or new construction, often aimed at economic growth and community development.

primary sector

The part of the economy that involves the extraction and harvesting of natural resources, such as agriculture, fishing, and mining.

secondary sector

The segment of the economy focused on manufacturing and processing, transforming raw materials from the primary sector into finished goods.

teritary sector

The segment of the economy that provides services rather than goods, including retail, education, healthcare, and financial services.

social factors

elements that influence demographics, such as culture, religion, family structure, and education.

creolization

The process by which cultures blend together to form new, hybrid cultures, often resulting from colonization, migration, and globalization.

pidgin language

A simplified form of speech that develops as a means of communication between speakers of different native languages, often for trade or other practical purposes.

Gross Domestic Product

The total monetary value of all finished goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time period, often used as an indicator of the economic health of a nation.

Colonalism

The practice or policy of exerting control over a territory and its people, often involving the establishment of settlements and the exploitation of resources for the benefit of the colonizing country.