AP BIO UNIT 1 TEST- PRACTICE TEST

hydrogen bond

which of the following is most easily broken?
a. hydrogen bond
b. triple covalent bond
c. single covalent bond
d. ionic bond

covalent

what type of bond is formed when atoms share electrons?
a. ionic
b. covalent
c. hydrogen

all of the above

water molecules are
a. polar
b. hydrogen bonded to one another
c. cohesive
d. all of the above

Cl

which of the following elements is not one of the four most common in living organisms
a. C
b. N
c. O
d. Cl

cohesion

water's property of surface tension is due to
a. cohesion
b. adhesion
c. high specific heat
d. ionic bonding

atoms together in molecules, molecules to other molecules

ionic and covalent bonds attach ___ while hydrogen bonds attach ___
a. molecules to other molecules, atoms together in molecules
b. water molecules to surfaces, water molecules to each other
c. atoms together in molecules, molecules to other molecules
d. water molecules to each other, water molecules to surfaces

the pH goes above 7

what a solution becomes increasingly basic
a. the pH goes down
b. the number of H+ ions increases
c. the pH remains the same
d. the pH goes above 7

the number of electrons in the outermost energy level

the number of bonds that an atom will make with other atoms is related to
a. the number of electrons in the innermost shell
b.the number of neutrons in the nucleus
c. the number of electrons in the outermost energy level
d. the number of neutrons in the outermost energy level

the pH of water to go down

When HCl is dissolved in water, it makes H+ ions and Cl- ions. This causes _____.

a. the pH of the water to go up.
b. a pH reading of 15.
c. the pH of the water to go down.
d. a pH reading of 7.

It is a universal solvent.

Which of the following is not true about water?

a. It dissolves other polar molecules.
b. Drops cling together due to hydrogen bonding.
c. It is a universal solvent.
d. It is less dense as a solid than as a liquid.

100X more H+

A solution of pH 6 contains ____ than the same amount of solution of pH 8.

a. 4X more H+ c. 100X less H+
b. 100X more H+ d. 2X more H+

Solvent...solute...acidic

A can of soda consists mostly of sugar dissolved in water, with some carbon dioxide gas
that makes it fizzy and makes the pH less than 7. In chemical terms you could say that
soda is an aqueous solution, where water is the _____, sugar is an _____, and carbon
dioxide makes the solution _____.
a. Solvent ... solute ...basic
b. Solute ... solvent ...basic
c. Solvent...solute...acidic
d. Solute ... solvent ...acidic

Donates H+ when conditions become too basic and accepts H+ ions when conditions
become too acidic.

A buffer maintains a stable pH by:

a. Providing an acid to control overly basic conditions in the body
b. Donates OH- ions when conditions become too acidic and accepts OH- ions when
conditions become too basic
c. Donates H+ when conditions become too basic and accepts H+ ions when conditions
become too acidic.
d. Providing a base to control overly acidic conditions in the body.

Nitrogen oxides ... sulfur oxides

The emission of _____ and _____ are primarily responsible for acid precipitation.

a. Carbon dioxide ... methane
b. CFC's ... sulfur oxides
c. Nitrogen oxides ... sulfur oxides
d. Carbon dioxide ... ozone

all of the above

Hydrogen bonding ___________.

a. causes water molecules to cling to each other
b. allows water to absorb a lot of heat without a huge change in temperature
c. must be broken to convert water to steam
d. all of the above

It is less dense as a solid than as a liquid.

Aquatic living things are able to survive the winter thanks to which property of water?

a. It is less dense as a solid than as a liquid.
b. It is cohesive and adhesive.
c. It is the universal solvent
d. It resists changes of state (from liquid to ice or liquid to steam).

oil

Which of the following is best described as hydrophobic?

a. water
b. oil
c. sugar
d. salt

False

Water would still freeze at 0°C and boil at 100°C without hydrogen bonding.

a. True
b. False

True

A solution with a pH of 5 has 10 times more hydrogen ions (H+) than a solution
with a pH of 6.
a. True
b. False

seven

Any pH below _____ is acidic.

a. one
b. five
c. seven
d. twelve

It is cohesive and adhesive.

Which property of water is responsible for facilitating the flow of water upwards in a tree?

a. It resists changes of state (from liquid to ice or liquid to steam).
b. It is cohesive and adhesive.
c. It is the universal solvent.
d. It is less dense as a solid than as a liquid.

True

Molecules that attract water are described as hydrophilic.

a. True
b. False

DNA

Deoxyribose is the sugar found in _____.

a. DNA
b. RNA

sugars

Carbohydrates are commonly described as _____.

a. oils
b. waxes
c. sugars
d. proteins

solid at room temperature

Which best describes a saturated fat?
a. many C=C bonds in its fatty acids
b. solid at room temperature
c. plant origin
d. all of the above

False

Fats from animals usually are liquid at room temperature.

a. True
b. False

fatty acids and glycerol

After hydrolysis of a triglyceride, we would have _____.

a. many amino acids
b. different types of nucleotides
c. fatty acids and glycerol
d. monosaccharides and disaccharides

speed up chemical reactions

Which of the following is NOT a use/function of lipids?

a. speed up chemical reactions
b. insulation
c. plasma membrane component
d. long-term energy storage

hydrophobic

Lipids are generally _____ due to an absence of polar groups.

waxes

form the waterproof cuticle of plants that decreases water loss.

a. oils
b. steroids
c. waxes
d. phospholipids

True

Phospholipids have a hydrophilic head (phosphate group) and hydrophobic
tails (fatty acids).
a. True
b. False

R group

The chemical characteristics of the amino acids are determined by their _____.

a. amino group
b. R group
c. carboxyl group

phospholipids

The plasma membrane is primarily composed of _____.

a. phospholipids
b. waxes
c. fats
d. all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following statements about cholesterol is TRUE?

a. It is a steroid.
b. It is used to make the sex hormones, estrogen and testosterone.
c. It has a backbone of four fused carbon rings.
d. all of the above

either A or B

Which of the following can bring about a change in protein shape?

a. temperature
b. pH
c. either A or B

amino acids

The monomers of proteins are _____.

a. amino acids
b. monosaccharides
c. glycerol
d. nucleotides

antibodies

Which of the following specific kinds of proteins defends us against infectious agents?

a. hormones
b. transport proteins
c. enzymes
d. antibodies

True

When you boil an egg, the white becomes hard because the albumin protein is denatured
by the heat.
a. True
b. False

primary structure

The sequence of amino acids in a protein determines its _____.

a. primary structure
b. secondary structure
c. tertiary structure
d. quaternary structure

True

Each of the twenty different amino acids has an amino group, a carboxyl group and
an R group that distinguishes one amino acid from another.

a. True
b. False

False

All proteins have four levels of structure.

a. True
b. False

known as a peptide bond

The bond between two amino acids is ______.

a. formed by hydrolysis
b. an ionic bond
c. nonpolar
d. known as a peptide bond

hormone

Which of the following acts as an intercellular messenger?

a. hormone
b. antibody
c. enzyme

False

DNA is single-stranded, but RNA is double-stranded.

a. True

b. False

True

In DNA, the number of purine bases always equals the number of pyrimidine bases.

a. True
b. False

peptide bonds

Which of the following is NOT found in a nucleotide?

a. a pentose sugar
b. phosphate
c. peptide bonds
d. a nitrogen-containing base

nucleic acids

Nucleotides joined together by condensation synthesis form _____.

a. polypeptides
b. nucleic acids
c. polysaccharides
d. lipids

hydrogen bonds

The two strands of DNA are held together by _____ between the purine and
pyrimidine bases.
a. ionic bonds
b. hydrogen bonds
c. covalent bonds

adenosine triphosphate

The nucleotide that supplies energy for condensation synthesis is _____.

a. adenosine triphosphate
b. guanine
c. thymine
d. cytosine

DNA

The molecule that stores the information about the order of amino acids in a protein is

a. ATP
b. RNA
c. DNA

four

DNA contains _____ type(s) of nucleotide(s).

a. one
b. two
c. three
d. four

True

The thymine nucleotide is always paired with the adenine nucleotide in DNA.

a. True
b. False

nucleic acid

Which of the following is considered a macromolecule?

a. nucleic acid
b. amino acid
c. fatty acid
d. none of the above

b. hydrogen and carbon

Organic molecules are ones that always contain __________.

a. carbon and nitrogen
b. hydrogen and carbon
c. hydrogen and phosphorus
d. carbon and potassium

salts

Which of the following is NOT one of the classes of primary organic molecules?

a. carbohydrates
b. proteins
c. salts
d. nucleic acids

False

Molecules that contain only carbon and hydrogen mix easily with water.

a. True
b. False

four

Since carbon has four electrons in its outermost shell it can bind to as many as
_____ other atoms.
a. two
b. four
c. six
d. eight

all of the above

Functional groups of organic molecules __________.
a. determine the polarity of an organic molecule
b. have specific chemical characteristics
c. can distinguish one type of organic molecule from another
d. all of the above

hydrolysis

The process by which polymers are turned into monomers is called__________.

a. condensation synthesis
b. ionization
c. hydrolysis
d. phagocytosis

True

During condensation(dehydration synthesis), water and a bond are formed.

a. True
b. False

nucleic acid - polypeptide

Which is the INCORRECT association between monomer and polymer?

a. monosaccharide - polysaccharide
b. nucleic acid - polypeptide
c. nucleotide - nucleic acid
d. amino acid - polypeptide

water

During hydrolysis, _____ is used to break a bond.

a. starch
b. cholesterol
c. water
d. DNA

False

Isomers are molecules that are identical to each other in every way.

a. True
b. False

True

Carbohydrates typically have twice as many hydrogen atoms as they do carbon and
oxygen atoms.
a. True
b. False

phospholipid

Carbohydrates include all of the following EXCEPT ______.

a. ribose
b. glucose
c. phospholipid
d. starch

condensation

A dissacharide contains two monosaccharides that were hooked together by ______.

a. hydrolysis
b. condensation

fructose

Which of the following is an isomer of glucose?

a. chitin
b. starch
c. lactose
d. fructose

lactose

Dairy products contain the disaccharide _____, which some people are unable to digest.

a. cellulose
b. lactose
c. starch
d. glucose

starch

Plants store sugars in the form of _____ in their roots.

a. cellulose
b. glycogen
c. chitin
d. starch

all of the above

Which of the following functions is performed by carbohydrates?

a. energy storage
b. identification of cell type
c. plant cell wall support
d. all of the above

chitin

Which of the following polysaccharides is found in the exoskeletons of crabs
and grasshoppers?
a. glucose
b. chitin
c. glycogen
d. maltose

False

Cellulose is easily digested by humans.

a. True
b. False

glycogen

Animal cells store extra glucose as _____.

a. starch
b. chitin
c. cellulose
d. glycogen