OpenStax Chapter 3 Section 3.2 Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic Organisms

Single-celled organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea.

Eukaryotic Organisms

Animal cells, plant cells, fungi, and protists classified as ______________.

Plasma Membrane

Outer covering of a cell that separates the cell's interior from its surrounding environment.

Cytoplasm

Jelly-like region within a cell where other cellular components are found.

DNA

Genetic material of the cell.

Ribosomes

Particles within a cell that synthesize proteins. Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes both have them.

Nucleoid

Central part of a prokaryotic cell where DNA is found.

Cell Wall

Outer layer that provides protection and maintains shape generally only plants, fungi, algae, most bacteria, and archaea have this.

Peptidoglycan

Material in the cell wall of bacteria, comprised of sugars and amino acids.

Flagella

Hair-like appendage that protrudes from microbe used for locomotion

Pili

Hair-like structure on many bacteria and archaea that can mediate DNA transfer, adhesion, or biofilm formation

diameters ranging from 0.1-5.0 µm

Prokaryotic Cell Size

Cellular Transport

Process by which ions, molecules, and wastes move into, within, and out of cells.

Form Follows Function

Principle: Within an organism, structures are formed in direct correlation to what they are meant to do

Organelles

Membrane-bound compartments in eukaryotic cells with specialized functions.

diameters ranging from 10-100 µm

Eukaryotic Cells size range

Logarithmic Scale

Scale where each unit is a multiple of the previous one, showing exponential growth.

Prokaryotic

Cells without a true nucleus.

Eukaryotic

Cells possessing a true nucleus.

Pro

Prefix meaning 'before' in Greek.

Eu

Prefix meaning 'true' or 'good' in Greek.

Nucleus

Membrane-bound organelle containing genetic material.

nucleolus

Spherical body within the nucleus of most eukaryotic cells, involved in the synthesis of ribosomal RNA

nucleus

"Karyose" comes from a Greek word which means "kernel," as in a kernel of grain. In biology, we use this word root to refer to the __________.