Biology Unit 3 Quizzes

the process of mechanical ingestion includes

physically making food smaller and easier to handle and the churning of food in the muscular stomach.

What is the correct order of the components of the digestive tract?

mouth. pharvnx. esophaaus. stomach. small intestine. large intestine. rectum. anus

The layers of the gastrointestinal tract wall from the inside layer outward in order are

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa.

Which structure is responsible for closing off the larynx during swallowing?

epiglottis

Identify the first event that occurs during swallowing.

the tongue pushed food against the soft palate

Which structures prevent food from entering the nasal cavities?

the hard and soft palates

The primary function of the stomach is to

store food, churn, and begin protein digestion.

Pepsin is an enzyme that digests proteins at acidic pH. Therefore, it must act in the

stomach

The thick, soupy liquid of partially digested food that leaves the stomach is called

chyme

A failure of which sphincter is responsible for GERD?

gastroesophageal sphincter

Which hormone is produced by the lower portion of the stomach that causes the upper stomach to produce digestive juices?

gaston

A serious genetic disorder known as hemochromatosis is often called the rusty organ disease and affects nearly 1.5 million Americans. The disorder causes increased absorption of intestinal iron. Which organ is responsible for iron homeostasis?

liver

Which of the following is a function of the liver?

It helps regulate blood cholesterol levels.

What type of hepatitis is usually transmitted through blood transfusions or sexual contact?

B

Identify a method that can decrease your risk of constipation.

Increase the amount of fiber in your diet.

the portions of the large intestine include

serum, colon, sectum, and amus

If your appendix bursts, it may lead to a life-threatening condition called

peritonitis

Which vitamin is fat soluble?

vitamin E

About 90% of the people with anorexia nervosa are

young females

A deficiency in which mineral leads to thyroid deficiency?

iodine

Which enzyme initiates the process of starch digestion

Amylase

Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system

Deliver oxygen to the body

What is the outermost layer of the gastroeinstinal wall

Serosa

In a karyotype, the chromosomes are arranged in order from

largest to smallest, with the sex chromosomes at the end.

From a karyotype, you could tell all of the following about the cell except whether

particular gene contained a mutation

How many chromosome pairs does a human have?

23

How are mitosis and cytokinesis alike?

Both involve division.

What structure is not divided during cytokinesis?

chromosomes

When does a chromosome go from one chromatid to two sister chromatids?

during the S phase of interphase

What structure is responsible for cytokinesis in the human cell?

contractile ring

Which aspect of the cytoskeleton is involved in the cleavage furrow?

actin filaments

If a cell has four pairs of chromosomes, after mitosis each daughter cell will have how many chromosomes

8

At what stage of mitosis do sister chromatids become full-fledged chromosomes?

anaphase

How long does it take to proceed from prophase I to metaphase I in oogenesis?

It varies, but on the order of years.

What are the end products of oogenesis?

one large egg and two smaller polar bodies

In what way is spermatogenesis similar to oogenesis?

Both result in cells with half the diploid chromosome number.

Independent alignment creates genetic variation. This is associated with which stage of meiosis?

metaphase I

If an organism has four pairs of chromosomes, after meiosis, the daughter cells will contain how many chromosomes?

4

During which phase of meiosis will the homologous chromosomes pair up?

prophase I

Which division of meiosis is like mitosis?

meiosis II

How are Jacobs and Klinefelter syndromes alike?

Both have three sex chromosomes.

Which of the following is associated with intellectual disability in persons with Down syndrome?

elevated levels of purines in the food

If nondisjunction occurs during meiosis Il (to one of the cells resulting from meiosis I), how many of the final four products will be abnormal?

two

The process that pushes food through the esophagus is called what

parastalsis

what structure is responsible for closing off the larynx during swallowing

epiglottis

the primary function of the stomach is to do what

store food, churning, and start the process of digestion

GERD is the failure of which of these sphincters

(lower) esophageal sphincter

what greatly increases the capacity of the stomach

rugae

the thick soupy liquid of partially digested food that leaves the stomach is called what

chyme

John was considering eating foods with a high glycemic index because the foods will cause what

a rapid rise and increase in sugar

which of the following is necessary for strong bones, function, muscle contraction, and blood clotting

calcium

the deficiency in which mineral leads to thyroid deficiency

iodine