HSE4M 2026 Tentative Exam Review

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to the HSE4M course content in preparation for the upcoming exam.

Empathy

The ability to understand and share the feelings of another.

Equity vs. Equality

Equity means providing resources based on individual needs, while equality means providing the same resources for all.

Privilege

A special right or advantage available only to a particular person or group.

Symbolic Interactionism

A sociological perspective that sees society as the product of everyday interactions of individuals.

Cooley's Looking Glass Self Theory

A theory suggesting that self-identity is developed through social interactions and perceptions of how others view us.

Erik Erikson

A developmental psychologist known for his theory on psychosocial development across the lifespan.

Conflict Theory

A sociological perspective that emphasizes the conflict between different social classes and the role of power in shaping social relations.

Race-Conflict Theory

A theory focused on the conflicts that arise from racial group interactions and inequalities.

W.E.B. Du Bois

An African American sociologist and civil rights activist known for his work on race and social justice.

James Baldwin

An American writer and activist known for his works on race, sexuality, and identity.

Karl Marx

A philosopher and economist known for his theories about capitalism and social class struggles.

Antonio Gramsci

An Italian Marxist theorist known for his concepts of cultural hegemony.

Cultural Hegemony

The dominance of one social class or culture over others, often established through cultural practices.

Anti-Racist

Opposing or combating racism and discrimination based on race.

Dominant Culture

The culture of the most powerful group in society, often shaping norms and values.

Social Identity

A person's sense of who they are based on their group memberships.

Agency

The capacity of individuals to act independently and make their own choices.

Heteronormativity

The belief that heterosexuality is the default or normal sexual orientation.

Cisgenderism

Prejudice against people whose gender identity matches their sex assigned at birth.

Intersectionality

The interconnected nature of social categorizations such as race, class, and gender.

Racism

Prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of a different race.

Systemic Discrimination

Discrimination that is built into the rules, structures, and policies of organizations.

Microaggression

Subtle, often unintentional, discrimination or insult against marginalized groups.

Internalized Discrimination

The process by which individuals accept negative stereotypes about their own group.

Colonization

The act of establishing control over a foreign territory and its people.

Misogyny

Dislike of, contempt for, or ingrained prejudice against women.

Ancestral Trauma

Emotional and psychological effects passed down through generations due to historical oppression.

Systematic Oppression

A form of discrimination that is entrenched in social systems and institutions.

Chattel Slavery

A system where individuals are treated as complete property, able to be bought and sold.

Le Code Noir

French colonial legislation regulating the treatment of enslaved people.

Forms of Resistance

Actions taken by individuals or groups to oppose and fight against oppression.

María Joseph Angelique

An enslaved woman known for her resistance against slavery in Canada.

Haitian Revolution

A successful anti-colonial and anti-slavery insurrection by self-liberated slaves against French colonial rule.

Loving v. Virginia

A landmark civil rights case in 1967 that invalidated laws prohibiting interracial marriage.

Bystander vs. Allyship

A bystander is an observer who does not intervene, while an ally actively supports marginalized communities.

Yuri Kochiyama

A Japanese American civil rights activist known for her work in the Asian American movement.

Dorothy Smith

A feminist sociologist known for her critique of traditional sociological methods.

Gordon Allport

A psychologist who studied prejudice and developed Allport's Scale of Prejudice.

Ableism

Prejudice or discrimination against people with disabilities.

Disability

Any impairment, including physical, mental, and sensory impairments.

Neurodiversity

The idea that neurological differences should be recognized and respected.

Categories of Ableism

Interpersonal, institutional, and internalized forms of discrimination against disabled individuals.