Absolutism Test- World Civ 2

Absolutism

Monarch with complete or absolute power. Has control over money, religion, government and politics.

Absolute Monarchs

Between 1500 and 1800 and it is a person with absolute power over the whole government and the live of the people in his country.

Phillip II (1556-1598)

Spanish monarch who’s main way of keeping control was religion. He expanded Spanish power, got silver from the Americas(which made them rich),championed the Catholic Church, and tried to eliminate Protestants, Jews, and Muslims with the Spanish Inquisition. Ruled for 42 years.

Divine Right

The authority to rule given directly from God. This kept the leaders in power because if you opposed the leader, you were going against God.

Peter the Great (1682-1725)

Russian king that used fear and intimidation to control his people. You would die or he would use torture if you went against him. Very unstable and harsh ruler. He had 3 main goals expansion, a warm water port, and westernization. King at 10, an absolute monarch at 17.

St. Petersburg

Warm water port won by Peter the Great that won them territory from Sweden. This port connected Russia to Europe.

Louis XIV (1643-1715)

King of France that uses money and his appearance as a way to keep control. Became king at 4 and an absolute monarch at 23. Ruled for 72 years. Also known as the sun king because he provides/ shed light on all of France. built the palace of Versallies out of his fathers hunting lodge. All his cabinet lived there. Had an estates general (representative assembly with all social classes but never called them together). France couldn’t support all his huge costs of his court and wars.

Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603

Protestant, Absolute monarch, she had no heir because she couldn't have kids which brought up issues because who would be her heir when she died? Hated King Philip ll and hired pirateers to take money from him.

James I

Believes in divine right, Absolute monarch, Catholic, He hates Parliament because he didn’t like sharing power and they didn’t agree on money issues. James ignores Parliament and they attempt to murder him.

Charles I

• Absolute Monarch, Catholic \n • Wants money, Tries to kill Parliament \n • Signs Petition of Right but ignores it after so it didn’t give more rights to the people

\-Civil war starts- battle between beliefs

\n -Results: Parliament wins and he gets beheaded in the English Civil War.

Petition of Right

\-Limits power of the monarch \n • Limits taxing, imprisonment, quartering soldiers in homes

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\-didn’t change anything though because after Charles l signed it he ignored it.

English Civil War

\-between the King and Parliament \n -Parliament wins the civil war

Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658)

\-develops a military dictatorship \n - England was not fun during his rein. He banned entertainment- no sports, no theaters, no Christmas, no inns, etc. \n - The country goes crazy under him and want a Monarch back

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\-then the Reformation starts because of him (the restoration- restoring the king).

Charles II (1660-1685)

\-Catholic but tolerated other religions

\-He opens theaters and entertainment again/ brought the fun back. Known as the Jolly monarch for this and also because he was just a happy guy.

Good king

James II

\-Absolute Monarch, Catholic, \n -believed in Divine Right, meaning he though only he should rule. \n -He hated Parliament and dissolves it. They had issues over money.

\-bad king

\-Deserts his kingdom and William and Mary take the throne

William and Mary

\-Protestant \n -Willing to become limited Monarchs- Monarch (s) with limited power or control, limited by a representative body or in this case Parliament.

\-Shares power with Parliament/ limited by it.

English Bill of Rights

\-__Limits the king and gives more rights to Parliament.__ \n -__Creates a constitutional monarchy__- a monarch limited by a constitution.

\-gives parliament free elections \n -no armies in Peace time

(True or False): The main characteristic of Absolute Monarchs is that the monarch has complete authority over the government and the lives of the people

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True

Who was an absolute monarch of Spain?

Philip II

What expectation of Absolute Monarchs would justify submission to the King?

They were expected to act for the good of their people

How long did Philip Il reign?

42 years

What made Spain the most powerful state in all of Europe?

Riches brought in from the Americas (silver).

Who was the largest enemy of Philip II? Why?

Queen Elizabeth because she was Protestant and hired pirateers to steal from him.

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What did __not__ contribute to the result of the Spanish Armada defeat?

Spain simply didn't have a large enough navy

What __did__ contribute to the result of the Spanish Armada defeat?

\-The English had smaller, faster, more maneuverable ships

\-The weather

\-Arrogance on the part of Phillip ll

At what age did Louis XIV become king?

4 years old

What was the Estates General?

A representative assembly made up of all the social classes. Louis XlV never called them together.

Even though Louis XIV's France was the wealthiest state in Europe, why was it on the verge of bankruptcy?

Louis royal court and wars

What was the name of the brilliant finance minister under Louis XIV?

Jean Baptiste Colbert

What were the two main goals of Peter the Great during his reign?

Westernization and acquiring a warm water port

\-Expanding was one of them as well

At what age did Peter the Great take control of the government of Russia and become an absolute monarch?

17 years old

30 years war

\-1618-1648 LASTED 30 YEARS \n -fought between Protestants and Catholics over religion and territory \n -was fought in the Holy Roman Empire \n -it was caused by land because they were all close and hated each other so they wanted to take each others land. Also they wanted to see who was the most powerful providence. \n -__Catholics win__

\-one of the bloodiest wars in history (old school fighting)

\-Effects of the war: Disease and Famine. During this time 20% of Europes population died.

Louis XIV Picture

The staff to show control of government, the sword to show control over military, the wig to show off wealth, the robe for wealth, and the star necklace to show that he is the sun king (the sun of France).

How old was Peter the Great when he became king (not absolute)?

10 years old

What is westernization?

Applying the culture, practices, or ideas of the West (Europe).

How do you westernize? What Ideas?

Through Religion, Laws/ Rules, Architecture, & Art.

How did Peter the Great expand Russia.

Through treaties with china. This made Russia the biggest country in the world (the land is mostly ice though).

What happens in the Glorious Revolution?

It shows Englands transition from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy. It also shows a power struggle between the kings and parliament until the bill of rights.

Cardinal Richelieu

Chief minister to Louis XlV when he inherits the thrown at 4 years old. (religious leader). Helps rule while Louis is too young.

Jean Baptiste Colbert

Louis XlV brilliant finance manager. He did a great job.

Versallies

A hunting lodge inherited by Louis XlV that was turned into an amazing palace to show his wealth/ power. His cabinet lived with him there and it helped them keep control over the people in power.

Cabinet

A body of advisers to a ruler/ head of state that also serves as the head of government departments.

Whats the difference between kings in fuedalism and absolute kings?

In fuedalism, the king shares power. In absolutism the king has full control and can do anything he wants.

Who won on the Spanish Armada route?

England won.