3.3. SF. Dioctophymatomoidea

Two families under Superfamily Dioctophymatomoidea

Dioctophymatidae, Soboliphymatidae

T/F. Adults occur in the liver or stomach of their host.

FALSE. kidney or stomach

T/F. Males have only one spicule and have a muscular cranial sucker.

FALSE. caudal sucker

T/F. Females are oviparous.

FALSE. Viviparous

T/F. This superfamily has an indirect life cycle.

TRUE

IH of this superfamily

aquatic oligochaetes

giant kidney worm of mink

Dioctophyma renale

T/F. D. renale can also occur in ruminants.

FALSE. ferret, dog, cat, wild canids, swine, man

T/F. Males of D. renale can reach up to 45 mm.

FALSE. 45 cm

T/F. Males of D. renale are longer than females.

FALSE. males are 45 cm while females are 130 cm

Organ loc of D. renale

renal pelvis (sometimes in abdominal cavity of dog)

T/F. Eggs of D. renale are ellipsoidal with thick, yellowish brown, mamillated shell and bipolar plug

TRUE

T/F. D. renale eggs is passed in the urine in one-cell stage.

FALSE. two-cell

T/F. D. renale eggs embryonate to L2 in the water

FALSE. L1

T/F. D. renale eggs hatch upon swallowing by IH

TRUE

T/F. D. renale larvae invade the tissues of oligochaete, becomes infective L3 in 6 months.

FALSE. 2-3 months

Paratenic host of D. renale

fish and frogs that ingest infected oligochaete

T/F. Final host get infected by ingestion of IH only.

FALSE. IH and paratenic host

T/F. Pre-patent period of D. renale is 2 months - 6 years.

FALSE. 6 months - 2 years

T/F. developing and migrating worms can cause hepatitis and fibrosis of the kidney, secondary hydronephrosis, hematuria and uremia.

FALSE. peritonitis, liver damage, atrophy

T/F. only the left kidney is usually infected.

FALSE. right - infected, left - hypertrophied

T/F. The left kidney is modified into an enlarged, usually bony staghorn-like structure filled with worms

FALSE. right kidney

T/F. The Renal capsule is filled with fluid containing large numbers of eggs.

TRUE

T/F. Female worms found in the abdominal cavity are generally unfertilized

TRUE

T/F. Unfertilized eggs contribute to extensive peritonitis

TRUE

Diagnosis of Dioctophymosis

clinical signs, finding eggs in the urine, ultrasonography

Treatment of Dioctophymosis

surgical removal of kidney with worms

Medium-sized nematodes found in the stomach, sometimes intestine of mustelids and insectivores, including shrews and moles

Soboliphyme sp.

T/F. S. baturini can also infect dogs and cats

TRUE

This sp. possess an anterior sucker that they use to attach themselves firmly to the gut wall

Soboliphyme sp.

Organ loc of Soboliphyme sp.

gut wall

T/F. Eggs of Soboliphyme sp. are barrel-shaped with operculum at each end.

TRUE

IH of Soboliphyme sp.

Oligochaetes

occur in large tumors in the wall of proventriculus of piscivorous birds

Eustrogylides

occur in small to medium-sized tumors in the proventriculus of anatids and Ciconiiformes."

Hystrichis