UNIT 6: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (1)

artificial - false

(a) not natural or real, but made by human - (a) made to look like something real

natural - physical

(a) exsiting in nature, and not produce by people - (a) real and able to be seen, touched and felt

true - accurate

(a) based on facts or things that really happens - (a) correct in every detail and without any mistakes

method - way

(n) a way of doing something, especially a planned or established way - (n) a method for doing something

engine - machine - motor

(n) the part of an vehicle that makes it moves
(n) a piece of equipment with moving parts that does a particular job
(n) the part of a machine or vehicle that makes it work

aim - cause - reason

(n) the thing that you hope to achive by doing something
(n) an event, thing or person that makes something happens
(n) a fact, situation or intention that explains why something happenned, why someone did something and why something is true

estimate - calculate

(v) to guess or calculate an amount or value by using available information - (v) to discover a number or amount by using mathematics

electric - electronic

(a) using or relating to electricity - (a) using electricity and etremely small electrical parts, such as microchips

invent - discover

(v) to design or create that not exist before - (v) to find something that was hidden or that no one knew about before

research - experiment

(n) the detailed study of something in order to discover new facts - (n) a siencetific test to find out what happens to someone or something in particular conditions

progress - development

(n) the process of developing or improving - (n) change, growth or improvement over a period of time

modern - new

(a) relating or belonging to the present time - (a) recently made, invented, developed

industry - factory

(n) all the businesses involved in producing a particular type of goods or services - (n) a building where large quanities of goods are produced using machines

award - reward

(n) a prize that is given to someone who has achived something - (n) something good that happens or that you recieve because of something you have done

take place = occur

(v) to happen

break down

stop working (for a machine, etc)

carry out

perform an experiment, ect; conduct

come off

succeed

come on

develop or make progress

come up with

think of (an idea, a plan, etc)

cut off

stop the supply of sth

find out

discover information

give off

produce sth such as heat or a smell

narrow down

reduce the number of possibilities

plug in

connect to the electricity supply

put through

connect by phone

turn into

change into sth different

turn off

stop a machine working

work out

find a solution to a problem

make an attempt (at sth/doing)
make an attempt (to do)

• try to do something, especially something difficult; make an effort, strive for
• try to achieve or complete something; aim to

attempt to do

try to do something; strive to

in an attempt to do

with the aim of trying to do something

ex: _____ preserve cultural heritage, some cities restrict the construction of modern buildings in historic areas.

on average

trung bình; nói chung

in the beginning
at the beginning (of sth)
beginning with

• bắt đầu
• bắt đầu (in a specific time)
• bắt đầu với

at/on the bottom (of sth)

in the lowest position or part of something

be the cause of sth
find ~
look for ~

• to be the reason why something happens
• to discover or identify the reason for something (focus on action)
• to search for the reason why something happens (focus on result)

come to/reach the conclusion (that)
in conclusion

• đi đến/rút ra kết luận rằng…
• to sum up, in summary

do/perform/carry out an experiment (on sth)
experiment with sth/doing

• tiến hành một thí nghiệm trên cái gì đó
• thử nghiệm với một cái gì đó/việc làm gì đó

in fact
= as a matter of fact
= the fact (of the matter) is (that)
face the facts

• thực tế là, thực ra thì
• chấp nhận sự thật (dù khó chấp nhận)

with the introduction of sth
an introduction to sth/sb

• với sự ra đời/xuất hiện/áp dụng của cái gì
• giới thiệu về cái gì/ai đó

make/receive/get a phone call

gọi/nhận/có một cuộc gọi

take a photo (of sth/sb)

chụp hình cho cái gì/ai

carry out/do research (on/into sth)

tiến hành cuộc thí nghiệm

cause sth (to do)

to make something happen, especially something bad or unexpected

lead to, result in, bring about

manage to do

to succeed in doing something, especially something that is difficult

succeed in, accomplish, achieve, carry out

consider sth/doing
consider if/whether

• take into account, deliberate on
• xem xét liệu…

consider sb for sth
consider sb (to do)
consider it strange

• xem xét ai đó cho một công việc, vai trò, giải thưởng hoặc cơ hội
• regard as
• cho rằng điều gì đó là (kì lạ, khác thường…)

explain that
explain sth (to sb)

clarify to, make clear to

discuss sth/doing (with sb)

thảo luận với ai điều gì

intend to do/doing

có ý định làm gì

plan to, aim to, mean to

know (about) sth/doing
know of sb

biết về điều gì/về ai

be known as sth

được biết đến như là

ex: This practice _____ “greenwashing,” where companies falsely market themselves as environmentally friendly.

look forward to sth/doing

mong chờ, háo hức về một việc sẽ diễn ra trong tương lai

possible (for sb) to do

có khả năng cho ai đó làm gì

find sth possible
find it impossible to do

• thấy điều gì đó dễ dàng, có thể làm được
• thấy điều gì không có khả năng làm được

result of sth/doing

kết quả của cái gì đấy

result in sth/doing

to cause or lead to a particular outcome or consequence

result from sth/doing

do cái gì gây ra, xảy ra như một hệ quả của việc gì

as a result of sth

because of something; due to a particular cause

wonder about sth/doing
wonder if/whether/why

• tự hỏi, băn khoăn, suy nghĩ về điều gì đó
• tự hỏi liệu…