bio plant unit

5.0(1)
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/71

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

Biology

11th

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

72 Terms

1
New cards
Photosynthesis
Plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars.
2
New cards
What is glucose
A carbohydrate. A carbohydrate is a molecule that consists only of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. Carbohydrates are the main source of the chemical energy plants need for maintenance, growth, and development.
3
New cards
Shoot System
The aerial portion of a plant body, consisting of stems, leaves, and (in angiosperms) flowers.
4
New cards
Root system
All of a plant's roots, which anchor it in the soil, absorb and transport minerals and water, and store carbs (carrots and potatoes)
5
New cards
Dermal Tissue (epidermis)
Forms the outer layer of a root, shoot, or leaf that covers and protects the plant. The waxy cuticle on plants.
6
New cards
Vascular Tissue
Plant tissue consisting of cells joined into tubes that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant body (connects shoot to root). Xylem and Phloem
7
New cards
Xylem
Vascular tissue that carries water upward from the roots to every part of a plant. (Dead at maturity)
8
New cards
Phloem
Vascular tissue that carries sugar and organic substances throughout a plant (Living at maturity)
9
New cards
Ground tissues
Plant tissue consisting of parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma
10
New cards
Meristematic tissue
Plant tissue found only in the tips of shoots and roots; responsible for plant growth. Contain undivided meristematic cells that can form any specialized cell.
11
New cards
Function of leaves
transpiration, storage, protection from herbivores, and photosynthesis
12
New cards
Choloroplasts
Organelles involved in photosynthesis; contain chlorophyll, a light capturing pigment that gives plants their green color.
13
New cards
Blade
flat part of the leaf
14
New cards
Petiole
The stalk of a leaf, which joins the leaf to a node of the stem.
15
New cards
Venation
the arrangement of veins in a leaf
16
New cards
Mesophyll
The ground tissue of a leaf, sandwiched between the upper and lower epidermis and specialized for photosynthesis.
17
New cards
Palisade Mesophyll
Layer of tall, column-shaped mesophyll cells just under the upper epidermis of a leaf (clumped together)
18
New cards
Spongy Mesophyll
Loose tissue beneath the palisade layer of a leaf; has many air spaces between its cells. These air spaces help with gas exchange
19
New cards
stoma (plural, stomata)
A microscopic pore surrounded by guard cells in the epidermis of leaves and stems that allows gas exchange between the environment and the interior of the plant.
20
New cards
Guard cells
The two cells that flank the stomatal pore and regulate the opening and closing of the pore.
21
New cards
Taproots
Deep roots that have tiny hairs to absorb water and nutrients
22
New cards
Fibrous root
Root system made up of many threadlike members of more or less equal length. Good at keeping plants in place and preventing soil erosion.
23
New cards
Apical Meristem
Embryonic plant tissue in the tips of roots and in the buds (tips) of shoots that supplies cells for the plant to grow in length.
24
New cards
lateral meristems
Secondary growth that builds diameter, also known as vascular cambium. Creates secondary xylem and phloem
25
New cards
Tree bark
the outside layer of the tree trunk made of dead xylem cells protecting the living sapwood layer
26
New cards
Sapwood
Area in plants that surround heartwood and conducts water and dissolved minerals.
27
New cards
cork cambium
Lateral meristematic tissue that produces the outer covering of stems. Protective layer that produces cork.
28
New cards
Heartwood
Older xylem near the center of a woody stem that no longer conducts water
29
New cards
Herbacous plants
Non-woody plants that bend easily and do not grow very tall
30
New cards
Woody plants
Plants with hard, strong stems that can grow tall
31
New cards
Vascular bundle
the arrangement of vascular tissue that consists of xylem and phloem
32
New cards
Monocots
One cotyledon. The stem has vascular bundles arranged randomly
33
New cards
Dicots
two cotyledons. The stem has vascular bundles arranged in a ring
34
New cards
Root cap
A cone of cells at the tip of a plant root that protects the apical meristem and produces a slippery substance that helps the root penetrate the soil.
35
New cards
Adventitious Root
A root that develops from somewhere other than the root apical meristem that emerges from the seed
36
New cards
Root Pressure
The upward push of xylem sap in the vascular tissue of roots.
37
New cards
Capillary action
The tendency of a liquid to rise or fall because of attractive forces between the liquid molecules
38
New cards
Transpiration
Evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant through the stoma
39
New cards
Turgor pressure
The pressure that water in the central vacuole of a plant exerts against the cell wall
40
New cards
Translocation
long-distance transport of substances through the phloem, particularly glucose
41
New cards
Phloem Tubes
long tubes made up of living cells with perforated end walls, which transport starches and have cell sap
42
New cards
Xylem tubes
Long hollow tubes supported by lignin
43
New cards
Factors impact transpiration rate
air flow \= more air, higher rate
44
New cards


45
New cards
humidity \= higher humidity, less rate

46
New cards


47
New cards
temp \= higher temp, higher rate (water move around more)

48
New cards


49
New cards
light \= more light, higher rate (photosynthesis, stomata open to let CO2 in)

50
New cards
Sepal
A leaflike structure that encloses the bud of a flower and protects it
51
New cards
Pedical
Stalk that supports the flower
52
New cards
anther and filament
two parts of the stamen. Produces and stores pollen
53
New cards
Stigma
sticky portion at the top of the style where pollen grains frequently land
54
New cards
Style
The stalk of a flower's carpel, with the ovary at the base and the stigma at the top.
55
New cards
Ovary (flowers)
The bottom part of the carpel in a circle shape in which the female sex cells develop
56
New cards
Pistil
female part of the flower (stigma, style, ovary)
57
New cards
Receptacle
The base of a flower; the part of the stem that is the site of attachment of the floral organs.
58
New cards
pollen tube
A tube that forms after germination of the pollen grain and that functions in the delivery of sperm to the ovule.
59
New cards
Hormones
Chemicals with specialized functions. Produced in one location and the transported around.
60
New cards
Auxins
Hormones involved in plant-cell elongation, shoot and bud growth, and rooting. Basically elongate cells in one part of the plant
61
New cards
Gibberillins
Produced in meristem and chloroplasts. Work with auxins and also responsible for leaf growth and flowering, as well as germination
62
New cards
Cytokinins
Promote cell divisions and differentiation. Produced in roots
63
New cards
Phototropism
A growth response to light
64
New cards
Gravitropism
A growth response to gravity
65
New cards
Thigmotropism
A growth response to touch
66
New cards
Hydrotropism
a plants growth response to water; plant grows towards the water
67
New cards
Turgor Response
Caused by changes in turgor pressure
68
New cards
Photoreceptors
a molecule that detects light; different photoreceptors detect different wavelengths of light
69
New cards
Photoperiodism
A plant's response to seasonal changes in length of night and day
70
New cards
Main role of Soil
it provides a medium in which plant roots can anchor, it retains water, in which nutrients are dissolved, and it provides the root with air.
71
New cards
waxy cuticle
Forms a waterproof layer to stop water loss due to photosynthesis
72
New cards
upper/lower epidermis
Transparent to allow light to pass to inside of leaf