Laboratory and Imaging- Exam 3

At the bedside

Where do you label the sample for specimen collection?

Verify the order

What is the first step in specimen collection?

Patient Identification and education

After verifying the order in specimen collection, what is your next step?

Hand hygiene

Once you have confirmed the patient’s identity and educated them, what would you do next?

Collecting the sample

After washing your hands in the order of specimen collection, what comes next?

Step 1

For imaging studies, verifying the order is what step

Step 4

For imaging studies, in which step do you monitor the patient as needed post test?

complete blood cell count

CBC represents

5,000-10,000 mm3

WBC reference range

12-18 g/dl

Hemoglobin (Hgb) reference range

40-50

Hematocrit (HCT) reference range

4.2-5.9 million

RBC count

100,000-400,000

Platelet count

Carries oxygen

Hemoglobin does what

• Identify source of bleeding

• Anemia

• Activity tolerance

What is concern if hemoglobin is low?

Measures rbc in the blood and also carries oxygen

Hematocrit does what?

Also carries oxygen similar to H&H

RBC does what?

Controls clotting

What does platelet count do?

3.5-5.0

Potassium levels are usually

BUN and creatinine

To make sure the kidneys are functioning properly what tests should we run?

135-145 mEq/L

Sodium levels are normally

8.0-20

Normal range for Blood Urea Nitrogen levels are

0.7-1.4

Creatinine levels should be within what range?

10-13.1

For coagulation studies, prothrombin time should usually be within what range?

0.88-1.6

For coagulation studies, the international normalized ratio should be within what range?

Time will increase to coagulate

What will happen to the INR time for a patient with blood thinners

Anerobic

Which blood culture do you do first?

Anarobic

What blood culture comes second?

15 minutes

What is the time difference between taking blood cultures?

Blue

What color top for the blood tubes must you do first and fill to the top?

• No tissue paper in the bedpan

• Do not have any fecal matter in the bedpan

What should the pt not do during a 24 hr urine collection?

X-rays

• No contrast is used in this radiography

• Emits radiation

• Positive scan means a problem

Allergic reaction

Contrast can cause what?

Not for pregnant patients

Risk factors with radiation

CT Scans

• May use oral or IV contrast to illuminate images for this radiography

• Emits radiation

• Normal= negative

MRI

• No radiation emitted

• May use IV contrast to illuminate

• Normal= negative

• Detailed anatomic view

Metals, pacemakers, jewelry

What is not good for MRI machines that can be on a pt

Ultrasound

• Visualizes organs

• No contrast used, no radiation

• Normal= negative

Report it to the provider immediately

What should be done immediately when a critical lab value is received?

It breaks down the types of white blood cells (e.g., neutrophils, lymphocytes).

What is a “differential” in a CBC?

Sodium, potassium, chloride, CO2, BUN, creatinine, glucose, calcium

What components are included in a Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP)?

After discarding the first void; start timing at the next void.

When should the timing of a 24-hour urine collection begin?

No contrast; emits radiation.

Does an X-ray use contrast or radiation?

Negative.

What does a “normal” X-ray result say?

Organs, soft tissues, blood flow through vessels.

What does an ultrasound visualize?

Kidneys, carotid arteries, legs for DVT.

Name 3 examples where ultrasound is used.

Yes

Do CT scans emit radiation?

Obstructions, strictures, fractures, etc.

What are X-rays used to detect?

Low sodium levels

Risk of seizures

High WBC

Signs of infection

low wbc

Bleeding from your gums, nosebleeds, or bleeding for a long time after a small injury

High platelet count

Increasing risk of thrombocytosis

Low potassium

Abnormal heart rhythms, muscle cramps, aches and stiffness

High potassium

Muscle weakness, SOB, chest pain

High BUN levels

Impaired kidney function

Low BUN levels

Jaundice and abdominal pain

High creatine levels

Impaired kidney function, dehydration

Protein

Creatnine is associated with a high ___ diet

3.5-5.5

Albumin range

10-35

ALT/ AST range