Musculoskeletal system + Movement analysis

Ball and Socket Joint

Allows movement in every direction - only at hip and shoulder

Hinge joint

Allows movment only in one direction

Flexion

Decreasing the angle between the bones of a joints

Extension

Increasing the angle between the bones of a joint

Plantar-flexion

Pointing toes

Dorsi-flexion

Pulling the toes up towards the shins

Hyper extension

Increasing the angle beyond 180°

Abduction

Movement away from the middle of the body

Adduction

Movement towards the middle of the body

Horizontal abduction

Movement away from the middle of the body, parallel to the ground

Horizontal adduction

Movement away from the middle of the body, parallel to the ground

Agonist

The muscle responsible for the movement

Antagonist

The msucle working in opposition to the agonist producing a coordinated movement

Isotonic Contraction

Tensions remians constant while length changes

Conentric Contraction

The muscle shortens under tension

Eccentric Contraction

The muscle lengthens under tension or acts like a brake

Isometric Contraction

The muslce contracts without changing length