Unit 3: ANS

somatic, autonomic

PNS motor neurons can be divided into ___ NS or ___ NS

symp

hypothalamus connects down to T1-L3 (T/L system)

parasymp

craniosacral (CN 3, 7, 9, 10 and sacral ns)

pregang

areas: in both para/symp, ACh is neurotrans and binds to nicotinic receptors

postgang

area: NE only for symp; ACh for parasymp

sweat glands and some vessels in face/neck/LEs

exception for postganglion symp NS area that doesn’t use NE as neurotrans

nicotinic; muscarinic

in parasymp pathway, preganglion neuron release ACh to ___ receptors and postganglion neurons release ACh to ___ receptors

nicotinic; alpha or beta

in symp pathway, preganglion neuron release ACh to ___ receptors and postganglion neurons release NE to ___ receptors

muscarinic

receptor location: CNS (mediate ACh effects in brain)

muscarinic

receptor location: visceral/bronchiole smooth m (contract)

muscarinic

receptor location: cardiac m (decrease HR)

muscarinic

receptor location: exocrine (salivary, intestinal, lacrimal)/sweat glands (increase secretion)

nicotinic

receptors located in junctions btwn pre and postgang neurons in both para/symp pathways

nicotinic

drugs that affect ___ receptors affect both divisions

nicotinic

receptor location: autonomic ganglia (mediate transmission to postganglionic neuron)

cholinergic

receptors that are part of symp (pregang) and parasymp NS

muscarinic

receptor subtype: generally peripheral, postgang parasymp, some CNS

nicotinic

receptor subtype: autonomic gang and neurom junction

cholinergic stimulants

drug: increases activity at ACh synapse

direct binding cholinergic stimulants

drug: bind directly to cholinergic receptors

indirect acting cholinergic stims

drug: increases synaptic activity by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase enzyme located at cholinergic synapses

indirect acting cholinergic stimulants

drug: cholinesterase inhibitors

salivate, lacrimate, urinate, diarrhea, GI cramps, emesis (SLUDGE)

actions of cholinergic stimulants

cholinergic stims

drug: has fewer therapeutic uses due to side effects (can adversely slow down HR or constrict respiratory passages)

cholinergic stims

drug: side effects are due to PSNS overstim

anticholinergics

drug: used to dry secretions, treat asthma, prevent motion sickness

anticholinergics

drug: inhibits parasymp branch and cause fight or flight

cholinergic stims, anticholinergic

drugs affecting ACh-mediated responses are classified as ___ and ___ drugs

cholinergic stims

drug: increase cholinergic activity directly (bind to receptor) or indirectly (inhibiting acetylcholinesterase enzyme)

cholinergic stims

drug: increases GI/bladder tone

cholinergic stims

drug: treats glaucoma, myasthenia gravis, alzheimer’s

cholinergic stims

drug: reverses neurom blockade

anticholinergics

drug: inhibits cholinergic activity by acting as competitive antagonists (bind to cholinergic receptor but don’t activate it)

anticholinergics

drug: treat overactive bladder, bronchoconstrict, excessive GI motility/secretion

anticholinergics

drug: decreases PD sxs

adrenal medulla

nor/epinephrine are released from ___

alpha 1 agonists

drug: antihypotensive due to ability to increase vascular resistance

alpha 2 agonists

drug: treat hypertension/spasticity due to ability to inhibit neuronal activity in BS/SC

adrenergic antagonists

drug: primarily antihypertensives

alpha 1 antagonists

drug: block vascular alpha 1

beta blocker

drug: inhibit hr and contractility