FHA exam 3

Each trimester of a pregnancy lasts approximately ___ months

three

The spermatic cords consists of the following structures, except…

urethra

Muscles that move the arm may originate on

the pectoral/shoulder girdle and thoracic cage

Nerve conduction problems to muscles that move the foot at the ankle might be traced back to this(ese) nerve(s)

sciatic nerve

There are ___ phalanges in the foot

14

This(these) event(s) occur in the neonate during the neonatal period (just after birth)

Blood circulation changes as ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale (bypasses needed for in utero circulation) close

digestive system becomes active and nutrition can be taken by mouth

the following is true for people with light skin:

They should spend about 5-10 minutes several times a week in midday sun to ultimately produce vitamin D

Their skin cannot tolerate as much sun as possible with darker skin before being damaged

Seminal fluid is comprised of secretions from which gland(s) in the male system

seminal

prostate

bulbo-urethral

Testosterone is produced between the coils of the seminiferous tubules by interstitial endocrine cells

true

This phase of the uterine cycle marks the beginning of a new cycle and lasts about 5-7 days

menstrual

Blood passes through glomerular capillaries easily

false

The flexor retinaculum is a transverse ligament that covers the carpal bones on the palmar side and forms this

carpal tunnel

If a person is experiencing paresthesia along the lateral aspect of their arm, it might indicate a problem or compression here.

nerves C5-C6

This muscle group would primarily originate on the pectoral girdle and humerus and insert on the radius, ulna, and/or carpals

muscles that move the forearm and hand

when sitting on a chair, the most inferior aspect of the skeleton closest ot the seat would be the

ischial tuberosities

the fetus eats very little and uses gill-like tissue to breathe when in the uterus

false

the following muscle positions in the pectoral girdle, except

deltoids

When placing one’s hands upon one’s hips, most of the hand would be resting on the

iliac crest

The humerus articulates with the ____ at its distal end

radius and ulna

External obliques, internal obliques, transversus abdominis, and rectus abdominal muscles that will perform the following action when both sides are contracted.

compression/flexion of the torso

Pronation in the upper extremity occurs at the

distal radioulnar joint (with rotation of the radial head at the elbow)

when a muscle is performing a primary action and inserts close to the joint where the movement is taking place, that muscle is known as a(an) ____ muscle

spurt and agonist

The reproductive system includes all the following except

ureters

muscles that originate on the posterior of the femur and insert on the posterior of the tibia will generally perform this(ese) motion(s)

knee flexion

muscles that originate on the clavicle and/or scapula to insert on the humerus might do the following

move the arm at the shoulder

The following structures articulate with the kidneys at the hilum:

renal arteries

renal veins

ureter

Blood flows through the following structures within the urinary system in this order:

renal artery, afferent arteriole, glomerular capillary, efferent arteriole, renal vein

the best way to maintain optimum skeletal alignment and reduce risk of joint injury is to…

maintain strong muscles with a balance between agonist and antagonist groups

maintain flexibility

this bony protuberance, called the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), is buried deep within large muscle groups and difficult to palpate

false

The fetus's lungs are fully functioning after birth

true

A muscle that has an origin at the medial aspect of the proximal ulna and an insertion at the medial aspect of the base of the fifth metacarpal would perform this motion when contracted

wrist adduction

The lines in the palm that crease when the thumb opposes the other digits are an example of

tension lines

the kidneys are fully enclosed by the ribs for protection

false

deoxygenated blood and waste flow from the fetus to the placenta in ____

two umbilical arteries

At 24 weeks gestation, all fetal organs become functional and the fetus would likely survive outside of the uterus, as a premature infant, without medical help

false

within the pelvis, the pelvic inlet is ___ to the pelvic outlet

superior

When a muscle is avulsed from the bone, it can be surgically reattached and will regain full function within 4 weeks.

false

the ____ ligament connects the uterus to the sides and floor of the pelvis

broad

the pelvic girdle and lower limb consist of the following bones, except

all are part of the lower limb

fingerprints are created by which structure(s)

dermal ridges of the epidermis

the diaphragm contracts during inhalation and rises to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity; it relaxes during exhalation and lowers to decrease volume of the thoracic cavity

false

When this(ese) muscle(s) of the male reproductive system contracts, the scrotal sac tenses and moves superiorly. this occurs in cold weather and also when the upper, inner thigh is stroked

cremaster

This deltoid muscle has its origin on the anterior surface of the lateral clavicle, the acromion process, and on the spine of the scapula. It inserts on the deltoid tubercle, which is on the lateral aspect of the humerus.

If the entire deltoid muscle contracts, it will perform this motion of the shoulder joint

abduction

the tendons of the following muscles provide the main source of stability at the shoulder:

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis

The following are true of mammary glands during and after pregnancy:

Oxytocin causes contraction of the lactiferous ducts and milk ejection

they are fully developed by 6 months of pregnancy

pressure from the infant nursing causes release of oxytocin from the pituitary gland

(all of the above)

nearer to its proximal end, the tibia articulates with the ____ bone(s)

femur

fibula

this system of the body would have the least affect on fluids in the body of an 8-year-old girl

reproductive

prenatal development is known as the ____ period and takes 40 weeks

gestation

if someone has weak pelvic floor musculature, they might experience the following

leaking urine when sneezing

Labor is a series of strong, rhythmic uterine contractions. The purpose of labor is delivery of the fetus

True

By their names, it is clear that the sternothyroid and sternohyoid muscles will do the following to the thyroid and hyoid, respectively.

depress or move inferiorly

a muscle that originates on the ischial tuberosity and inserts on the posterior aspect of the leg will generally perform this(ese) motion(s)

hip extension

knee flexion

a coxal bone is commonly known as a

hip bone

it would be expected that the O angle of a post-pubertal female would be greater than a post-pubertal male

true

this period of a pregnancy is considered the most dangerous, with only about 40% of conceptions surviving

first trimester

muscles of the axial skeleton might have an origin or insertion on any of the following except

humerus, femur

the anterior patella is the attachment site for this (these)

patellar ligament

quadriceps tendon

in general, the anterior compartments of the arm and forearm contain _____ muscles, and the posterior compartments of the arm and forearm contain ____ muscles

flexor; extensor

A person is experiencing low blood pressure. They have a decrease in RBCs, which has caused anemia, and as a result, they feel lightheaded and fatigued, and they urinate frequently, releasing greater quantities of urine than normal. They are also beginning to experience muscle cramps and twitches due to toxins affecting their nervous system. They most likely have a problem with which organ?

kidneys

a person with a family history, or past personal history, of cancer who experiences night pain and unexplained weight loss within a few weeks should

report these symptoms immediately to their doctor

menstrual generally occurs from days ____, and ovulation occurs at about day ___ in the uterine cycle

1-7, 14

The following movements are possible at the scapula:

elevation/depression, protraction/retraction (ABD/ADD), rotation

these are the stages of labor

dilation

expulsion

placental

females have all of their “eggs” at birth and males have many of their sperm cells at birth

false

All of these are ways. the arm can move at the shoulder joint, except

elevation/depression

some changes that occur during prenatal development are ___

uterus will increase in size from about pear-sized to about water-melon sized

the male urethra has different regions called

prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, spongy urethra

the clinical name for what we commonly refer to as an ankle bone is

malleolus

The pectoralis major has an origin at the inferior and medial portion of the clavicle, the body of the sternum, and cartilages of ribs 2-6. It inserts at the lateral and anterior aspects of the proximal humerus (on the greater tubercle and intertubercular sulcus). it performs the following actions at the shoulder:

flexion, adduction, and medial rotation

This muscle is used by trumpet players to compress the cheeks, by infants when nursing, and by people in general to move food around the inside of the cheek and across the teeth during mastication.

buccinator

If someone has a slight leg length discrepancy (left leg shorter than right), this may result in ___ of the spine

scoliosis

The female urinary bladder is positioned superior to the uterus and it gets compressed in a superior direction during pregnancy

false

the digit next to the pollex has how many phalanges?

3

The female pelvis differs from the male pelvis in the following ways:

broader pubic angle

enlarged pelvic outlet

relatively borad, low pelvis

the most inferior aspect of the coxal bone is made of this bone

ischium

these are accessory structures of the integumentary system

mammary glands

nails

hair

intercostal muscles, which originate on one rib and insert on the rib above, would perform this action when contracted

depress the ribs

the proximal fibula articulates with the following:

tibia

sperm development requires a temperature of approximately 89.6F, which is why the testicles are “outside” of the body

false

The joint is the only true bony articulation of the entire upper extremity with the axial skeleton

sternoclavicular

fertilization can occur in the uterine tube, 12-24 hours after ovulation, if sperm reaches the ovum

true

urine leaves the kidneys via the urinary tract in this order:

ureter, urinary bladder, urethra

A(n) ____ is located on the superior surface of each kidney

adrenal gland

these fingerlike projections covering the ovary are…

fimbriae

This joint has the ability to perform flexion and extension only

elbow

The female reproductive system contains the following:

ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, and external genitalia

The urinary system does all of the following except:

absorbs water to compact waste

This term refers to organs forming within the embryo, then the fetus

organogenesis