Biology Final

Sophmore Year Unit 2 - 5

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule that stores genetic information for all organisms

Transcription

The process of copying a sequence of DNA to produce a complementry strand of RNA, DNA to mRNA in the Nucleus

Translation

Decodes the mRNA to produce a protein, tRNA molecules act as interpreters of the mRNA codon sequence

Mendels expirements

Gregor Mendel expirements with genetic crosses and peaplants

Watson and Crick

They discovered the structure of DNA as a double helix

Chargaffs Rule

Nitrogen base concentrations were constantly the same for Cytosine and Guanine as well as Thymine and Adenine, significance was not relavant until learning the structure of DNA a double helix

Shape of DNA

Double Helix, which is a twisted ladder-like structure.

DNA Nucleotides

Includes Guanine, Cytosine, Adenine, and Thymine

DNA Location

Found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cell

RNA Nucleotides

Include Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, and Guanine

Order of Central Dogma

DNA transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into proteins

3 Diffrences of DNA and RNA

DNA has deoxyribose while RNA has ribose, DNA has thymine RNA has uracil, and DNA is double-stranded while RNA is single-stranded

rRNA

Associates with proteins to form ribosomes in cytoplasm

Codon

A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA and DNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis

Cell Theory

1) All things are made up of cells 2) Cells are the basic unit of structure and function 3) All cells are from pre-existing cells

Cytoskeleton parts

• Consists of filaments and tubules 

• Gives and maintains the cell shape 

• Crisscrossing skeletal system

• Maintains cell structure 

• Contains microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments