Chapt. 10 - Part 1

A pair of bean shaped organs located outside the peritoneal cavity =

kidneys

What’s the indented portion of the kidney called?

hilus

3 organs located on outer portion of kidney?

⚬Glomeruli

⚬Convoluted tubules of the nephrons

⚬Blood vessels

One organs located on inner portion of kidney?

-renal pyramids

How much blood does the kidney process daily? How much of it is combined with waste?

1700 L…..1.5L of urine

What are the 6 functions of the kidneys?

•Filter blood

•Reclaim what the body needs

•Excrete waste

•Control blood pressure

•Regulate fluid and electrolytes

•Act as endocrine glands

-convert calcium to active glands for bone mineralization

Name the 3 endocrine functions of the kidneys

•Maintain Blood pressure via renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

•Red blood cell production

•Bone and calcium metabolism by activating vitamin D

How many nephrons does each kidney have?

1 million

What two things are in each nephron?

⚬Glomerulus

⚬Tubular component

Name the 2 categories of nephrons.

-cortical nephrons

-juxtamedullary nephrons

Difference b/t cortical nephrons & juxtamedullary nephrons

Cortical: •Short Loops of Henle that barely reach to the medulla & 85% of superficial cortex

Juxtamedullary: •Longer, thinner Loops that reach deep into the medulla & 15% of deep cortex

Define the glomerulus

•High-pressure capillary system that works to dilate or constrict in order to regulate glomerular capillary pressure

Where is the glomerulus locatd?

in Bowman’s capsule

Blood flows into the glomerular capillaries through the (AFFERENT or EFFERENT) arteriole and flows out through the (AFFERENT or EFFERENT arteriole to the tubular capillaries

AFFERENT - EFFERENT

In the Proximal Convoluted Tubule: ____% of fluid is reabsorbed back into bloodstream

60%

The amount of water reabsorbed here is regulated by ADH is…

Collecting tubule

Urine formation begins with ____ flows through ____ and into ____.

filtration of fluid…..glomerular capillaries…Bowman’s space

Constriction of efferent arteriole increases ______ which increases _______

outflow resistance from glomeruli…….glomerular pressure and GFR

How many filtrates are for formed each minute?

125 mL

Constriction of afferent arteriole reduces ______ which reduces _____.

renal blood flow ……glomerular pressure and GFR

What does Glomerular Filtration measure?

creatinine, age, sex, and race

The higher the GFR, the better the _____.

renal function

Glomerular filtrate moves from Bowman’s capsule to what?

tubular segments of the nephron

While moving through these tubular sections, substances from the tubular fluid are reabsorbed into the _____ and others are secreted from it but reabsorbed into the _____ filtrate

blood….filtrate

65% of all reabsorption and secretion processes occur in the ____.

proximal tubule

What substanecs are reabosrbed

sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphate, urate, glucose, and amino acids