PHRM 825 Exam 2 - Estrogens

development and maintenance of ovaries, uterus, breast, vagina

estrogen

regulation of CNS

estrogen

effects in peripheral tissue - bone cardiovascular, liver

estrogen

development and maintenance of uterus and breast

progesterone

maintenance of pregnancy

progesterone

effects of other tissue (brain)

progesterone

what is 17B-estradiol mostly bound to

sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)

early phase of menstrual cycle

follicular phase

late phase of menstrual cycle

luteal phase

phase: estrogen suppresses the production of FSH

early follicular phase

phase: estrogen stimulates the sruge of LH and FSH → ovulation and formation of corpus luteum

late follicular phase

phase: estrogen and progesterone suppress the production of LH and FSH

luteal phase

when LH and FSH spike what happens to estrogen levels

decrease

when does LH and FSH levels spike

beginning of luteal phase

what happens when progesterone and estrogen levels increase

FSH and LH decrease

what happens if estrogen/progesterone levels increase and LH and FSH levels DONT decrease

multiple births can occur

when do progesterone levels spike

at the beginning of the luteal phase

what happens when the follicle begins to grow

estrogen levels increase

if pregnancy does not occur:

corpus luteum degenerates, production of estrogen and progesterone by corpus luteum declines → menstruation

if pregnancy does occur:

egg/embryo secretes hCG which acts like LH and stimulates coprus luteum and produce progesterone during 1st trimester

what do higher levels of progesterone do duirng pregnancy

support maintenance of endometrium

physiological effects of estrogen

development of vagina, uterus, uterine tubes, stromal development and ductal growth in breast, accelerated growth phase and the epiphyseal closure growth of axillary and pubic hiar, alteration in the distribution of body fat to produce female body contours, pigmentation of skin, development of endometrial lining during menstrual cycles, prolonged exposure leads to hyperplasia, decrease in the rate of resorption of bone, estrogen deficiency can lead to osteoporosis, synthesis of trancortin and SHBG, increase HDL, decrease LKL, blood coagulation (enhance), mood

conjugated estrogens in the bile can be hydrolyzed in the intestine and reabsorbed

enterohepatic circulation

what types of estrogen take part in enterohepatic circulation

17B-estradiol, estrone, estriol

clinical use of estrogen

hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women

osteoporosis (post-menopausal women only)

hormonal contraception

replacement therapy in patients with primary hypogonadism

chromosomal disorders

castration

advers\`\`\`e effects

uterine bleeding, endometrial carcinoma, breast cancer, nausea, headache, fluid retention, weight gain

partial estrogen agonists

SERM

black the action of stronger estrogens

SERM

mostly non-steroidal estrogens

SERM

alternative for estrogen replacement therapy

SERM