ESC Lecture 2

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to the EU AI Act, Data (Use and Access) Act 2025, copyright, and patents, focusing on definitions, regulations, and distinctions among them.

EU AI Act

A legislative framework to regulate artificial intelligence technologies, ensuring their ethical and responsible use.

Unacceptable Risk (AI systems)

AI systems that are harmful or manipulative, such as social scoring or subliminal manipulation, which are banned under the EU AI Act.

High Risk AI

AI systems that require strict compliance requirements before deployment, including biometric identification and critical infrastructure management.

Limited Risk AI

AI systems that face lighter obligations such as transparency requirements, like AI chatbots that must inform users they are interacting with AI.

Data (Use and Access) Act 2025

An update to data protection laws aimed at promoting ethical data sharing and ensuring compliance with EU regulations.

Copyright

A form of intellectual property protection for creators of original works, granting exclusive rights such as reproduction and distribution.

Fair Use

Allows limited use of copyrighted material without permission for purposes like criticism, comment, news reporting, and teaching.

Patent

An exclusive right granted for an invention, allowing the holder to make, use, sell, and import the invention for a limited time.

Novelty (Patentability)

The requirement that an invention must be new and not previously known or used in order to qualify for patent protection.

Automatic Protection (Copyright)

Copyright protection is automatic upon the creation of a work, provided it is fixed in a tangible medium.

First Sale Doctrine

Allows the owner of a lawfully purchased copy of copyrighted work to resell, lend, or give away their copy.

Exclusive Rights (Patents)

Patent holders have exclusive rights for a limited period, typically 20 years for utility patents.

Duration of Copyright

Copyright typically lasts for the life of the author plus 70 years, or for 95 years from publication for works made for hire.

Application Process (Patents)

Obtaining a patent requires a formal application process that includes detailed descriptions and claims of the invention.

Non-Obviousness (Patentability)

A requirement that an invention must not be obvious to someone with ordinary skill in the relevant field to qualify for a patent.

Patents vs Copyright

Copyright protects expressions of ideas while patents protect functional inventions; copyright is automatic, while patents require application.