Review of US History Units 1-5

Vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts from US History Units 1-5.

Columbian Exchange

The transatlantic trade of crops, animals, people, and diseases, devastating for the Native population due to diseases like smallpox.

Encomienda System

Spanish colonization system that used forced native labor and had a caste system based on race and origin.

Salutary Neglect

British policy of ignoring colonies, allowing autonomy until they decided to end it.

French and Indian War

War that caused British debt, leading to taxes on the colonies.

Articles of Confederation

The first government established by the newly independent colonies. It failed due to a weak central government with no tax or military power.

U.S. Constitution

Established a stronger federal government with checks and balances and a Bill of Rights to protect individual rights.

Federalists

Political party that supported a strong central government.

Democratic-Republicans

Political party that supported states' rights.

Louisiana Purchase (1803)

Acquisition of territory that expanded the United States significantly.

Market Revolution

Economic shift characterized by canals, railroads, factories, and telegraphs.

Jacksonian Democracy

Expanded suffrage for white men but oversaw the Indian Removal Act.

Second Great Awakening

Religious revival that inspired various reform movements.

Manifest Destiny

Belief in the divine right to expand westward.

Mexican-American War

War that resulted in the U.S. gaining southwest land through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

Emancipation Proclamation

A presidential proclamation and executive order issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War.

13th Amendment

Abolished slavery.

14th Amendment

Granted citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws to all persons born or naturalized in the United States, except for American Indians.

15th Amendment

Prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude".

Black Codes

Restrictive laws designed to limit the freedom of African Americans and ensure their availability as a cheap labor force after slavery was abolished during the Civil War.