Psychopathology- characteristics of phobias

Give three examples of behavioural characteristics of phobias.

Panic, avoidance and endurance.

In the context of phobias, what type of behaviours would indicate panic towards a phobic stimulus?

Crying, screaming, running away.

In what ways does avoidance have an impact upon a person’s life?

Interferes with work, education and social life.

What term refers to the way in which a phobia has had an impact upon a person’s life?

Maladaptive

In the context of phobias, what is meant by endurance?

A sufferer remains in the presence of the phobic stimulus but continues to experience high levels of anxiety.

Give an example of when endurance may occur.

A person with a fear of flying

What is the main emotional characteristic of phobias?

Anxiety/fear

What is the immediate and extremely unpleasant emotional response a person has when they come into contact with, or think about, the phobic stimulus?

Fear

Give three cognitive characteristics of phobias.

Selective attention, irrational beliefs and cognitive distortions.

What is the difference between irrational beliefs and cognitive distortions? 

Irrational beliefs are illogical, incorrect or distorted ideas that are firmly held by a person despite there being clear, objective and contradictory evidence to show otherwise whereas cognitive distortions refer to patterns of negative or exaggerated thought, which can reinforce maladaptive behaviour.

Give an example of an irrational belief in relation to phobias.

A person thinking that they must always sound intelligent in social situations to be liked.

Give an example of a cognitive distortion in relation to phobias.

Snakes are alien and aggressive looking.