Adeline S2 History term1 CT

renaissance, reformation, science revolution

What 14th-century cultural movement means 'recovery' or 'rebirth'?

The Renaissance

What ancient civilisation did the Renaissance aim to revive?

Greco-Roman civilisation

What social group fled the manors in the late Medieval Times?

Serfs

What kind of science did many universities begin to study?

Practical science

What invention, improved by Gutenberg, helped ideas spread quickly?

Moveable-type printing

Who printed the famous Bible using the new press technology?

Gutenberg

What organization's influence decreased in the late Medieval Times?

The Church

What flourishing activity provided material support for the Renaissance in Italy?

Overseas trade

What city became the centre of the Italian Renaissance?

Florence

Which family sponsored the Italian Renaissance through their banking wealth?

The Medici family

What was the Medici Bank nicknamed because it handled the Pope's money?

God's Bank

What was the main spirit or worldview of the Renaissance?

Humanism

What did Humanism respect the value of in individuals?

Free individuals

Besides religious ideas, what kind of themes did Renaissance artists include?

Secular content

Who wrote the long narrative poem The Divine Comedy?

Dante

What characteristic made Renaissance art opposite to Medieval art?

Lively and realistic

What technique was used to show distances in Renaissance paintings?

Perspective

Name the master known for painting the Mona Lisa.

Leonardo da Vinci

Which master painted Genesis on the Sistine Chapel ceiling?

Michelangelo

Which master was famous for painting Mother Mary?

Raphael

What feature did Renaissance architecture model on ancient Rome?

Vaulting dome

Renaissance sculpture emphasized the beauty of which subject?

Human body

What feature encouraged individual ideas and freedom of speech?

Personal striving

Who wrote popular plays like Hamlet and Romeo and Juliet?

William Shakespeare

What did people become eager to do starting in the 14th century?

Doubt the old systems

Who wrote the famous novel Don Quixote?

Miguel de Cervantes

The Renaissance was an important movement in freeing people's what?

People's minds

The Renaissance helped Europe transition into what time period?

Modern times

The Renaissance laid the foundation of modern culture in which region?

The West

The Renaissance promoted what major religious movement?

The Reformation

The spirit of striving promoted what long-distance historical events?

Geographical Discoveries

What revolution was promoted by the spirit of doubting and criticizing?

Scientific Revolution

What did the Church sell to raise money for St. Peter’s Basilica?

Indulgences

Who posted the Ninety-Five Theses criticizing the Church?

Martin Luther

What new branch of Christianity was formed supporting Luther?

Protestantism

What did Protestants believe was the sole principle of their religion?

The Bible

The Reformation led to the second what of Christianity?

Split of Christianity

What branch of Protestantism developed in Germany?

Lutheranism

Which new organization was founded by Ignatius Loyola in 1534?

Society of Jesus

What did the Reformation urge separation of in European countries?

Church and state

King Henry VIII established which church in Britain?

Anglican Church

The Enlightenment was famous for the idea of what?

Rationality

Since when did European scientific aspects undergo fundamental transformations?

Since the 16th century

Scientific researchers relied on observation and what as their bases?

Experiments

Scientists relied heavily on what subject to understand nature's rules?

Mathematics

What astronomical theory did the Church support before the revolution?

Geocentric theory

Who suggested that the sun was the centre of the universe?

Nicolaus Copernicus

Who suggested planets move around the sun in elliptical orbits?

Johannes Kepler

Who improved the telescope to better observe the planets?

Galileo Galilei

What was Giordano Bruno considered and consequently burnt at stake?

Heretic

Who suggested the concepts of gravity and laws of motion in Principia?

Isaac Newton