Kingdom Plantae 1

Domain Eukarya

The domain that includes all organisms with a complex cell structure, including plants.

Kingdom Plantae

The kingdom that includes all plants.

Phylum Chlorophyta

The phylum that consists of green algae, the ancestors of land plants.

Chlorophylls A and B

The pigments found in green algae that are responsible for photosynthesis.

Cellulose

A structural component of plant cell walls, also present in green algae.

Oxygenation of Generations

The process in which plants alternate between haploid and diploid generations during their life cycle.

Gametophyte

The haploid stage in the alternation of generations that produces gametes.

Sporophyte

The diploid stage in the alternation of generations that produces spores.

Rhizoids

Root-like structures in bryophytes that provide anchorage but do not function in nutrient movement.

Bryophytes

Non-vascular plants such as mosses and liverworts, which lack xylem and phloem.

Vascular Seedless Plants

Plants that have vascular tissue but do not produce seeds.

Xylem and Phloem

The vascular tissues in plants; xylem transports water and minerals, while phloem transports food.

Microphylls

Small leaves found in certain vascular plants, such as club mosses.

Megaphylls

Larger leaves associated with more advanced vascular plants.

Gymnosperms

Vascular seed plants with exposed seeds, also known as 'naked seeds'.

Angiosperms

Flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed in flowers or fruits.

Monoecious Plants

Plants that have both male and female reproductive structures on the same individual.

Dioecious Plants

Plants that have individual male or female reproductive structures, requiring two plants for fertilization.

Zygote

The diploid cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg; it develops into a seed.

Sporangium

The structure that produces and contains spores in vascular plants.

Domain Eukarya

The domain that includes all organisms with a complex cell structure, including plants.

Kingdom Plantae

The kingdom that includes all plants.

Phylum Chlorophyta

The phylum that consists of green algae, the ancestors of land plants.

Chlorophylls A and B

The pigments found in green algae that are responsible for photosynthesis.

Cellulose

A structural component of plant cell walls, also present in green algae.

Oxygenation of Generations

The process in which plants alternate between haploid and diploid generations during their life cycle.

Gametophyte

The haploid stage in the alternation of generations that produces gametes.

Sporophyte

The diploid stage in the alternation of generations that produces spores.

Rhizoids

Root-like structures in bryophytes that provide anchorage but do not function in nutrient movement.

Bryophytes

Non-vascular plants such as mosses and liverworts, which lack xylem and phloem.

Vascular Seedless Plants

Plants that have vascular tissue but do not produce seeds.

Xylem and Phloem

The vascular tissues in plants; xylem transports water and minerals, while phloem transports food.

Microphylls

Small leaves found in certain vascular plants, such as club mosses.

Megaphylls

Larger leaves associated with more advanced vascular plants.

Gymnosperms

Vascular seed plants with exposed seeds, also known as 'naked seeds'.

Angiosperms

Flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed in flowers or fruits.

Monoecious Plants

Plants that have both male and female reproductive structures on the same individual.

Dioecious Plants

Plants that have individual male or female reproductive structures, requiring two plants for fertilization.

Zygote

The diploid cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg; it develops into a seed.

Sporangium

The structure that produces and contains spores in vascular plants.

Cuticle

A waxy layer covering the epidermis of plants that reduces water loss.

Stomata

Pores on the plant surface, primarily on leaves, that regulate gas exchange and water transpiration.

Sporopollenin

A durable polymer that prevents zygotes and spores from drying out.

Lignin

A complex polymer that provides structural support to vascular plants and allows for greater height.

Apical Meristem

Regions of undifferentiated cells at the tips of roots and shoots that allow for primary growth.

Alternation of Generations

The life cycle of plants where there is a regular alteration between haploid (gametophyte) and diploid (sporophyte) stages.

Archegonium

The female reproductive organ in mosses, ferns, and gymnosperms, producing and containing the egg.

Antheridium

The male reproductive organ in mosses, ferns, and gymnosperms, producing and containing sperm.

Sorus

A cluster of sporangia, typically found on the undersides of fern leaves.

Seed Coat

The protective outer layer of a seed, enclosing the embryo and its food supply.