Occipital Lobes

Calcarine Fissure

A fissure that runs through the middle of the occipital lobe and divides regions of the primary visual cortex.

A portion of V1 is tucked within this fissure.

Fusiform Gyrus

A gyrus on the underside of the brain in the temporal lobe extending back

V4 is further back in this.

Simple Cells

Cells in V1 that respond to lines based on a specific orientation

Complex Cells

Cells in V1 that respond to lines based on a specific orientation moving in a particular direction

Blobs

Cells in V1 that respond to colour

Thick Stripes

Cells in V2 that process movement.

These cells receive projections from complex cells.

Thin Stripes

Cells in V2 that process colour.

These cells receive information from blobs

Pale Zones

Cells in V2 that process static information

Dorsal Stream

A visual processing pathway from the primary visual cortex to the parietal lobe; guides movements relative to objects

Ventral Stream

A visual processing pathway from the primary visual cortex to the temporal cortex for object identification and perception of related movements

Superior Temporal Sulcus Stream (STS)

A visual processing pathway from the primary visual cortex to the STS that is involved in visuospatial functions and organization, especially biological motion

V1

What area of the occipital cortex is important for conscious vision. Complete damage of this area in both hemisphere will render someone cortical blind

V4

What area of the occipital cortex’s primary job is colour processing?

V5

What area in the occipital cortex’s main job is motion processing?

55%

What percent of cortical area is dedicated to/involved in visual processing?

Lateral Occipital Cortex (LOC)

This area is involved in perceptual constancy for size, location, viewpoint, and illumination as well as form-cue invariance. It is important for form and shape

This area encompasses V3.

Vision for Action

What category of vision is scanning your environment to get the information you need for motor output?

Action for Vision

What category of vision is visual scanning and eye movements?

The action fosters vision.

Monocular Blindness

What disorder of the visual pathway is this?

Here, something is wrong with the eye itself

Bitemporal Hemianopia

What disorder of the visual pathway is this?

This is the result of lesion to the medial region of the optic chiasm

Nasal Hemianopia

What disorder of the visual pathway is this?

This is the result of lesion to a lateral region of the optic chiasm

Homonymous Hemianopia

What disorder of the visual pathway is this?

This is the result of a complete cut of the optic tract beyond the optic chiasm or complete damage to LGN or V1 in one hemisphere

Macular Sparing

What disorder of the visual pathway is this?

The fovea central fovea is still in tact

Quadrantanopia

What disorder of the visual pathway is this?

This is the result of lesion to the occipital lobe

Agnosia

A neurological disorder characterized by an inability to recognize and identify objects or persons using one or more of the senses

Apperceptive Agnosia

A type of agnosia in which a person cannot form the percept of a whole object but they may be able to recognize local aspects.

Usually this is due to damage earlier in the ventral stream (by the LOC)

Associative Agnosia

A type of agnosia in which a person can form the percept of an object, but they cannot associate the percept of the object to the knowledge of what that object is.

Usually due to damage further in the ventral stream (by the AIT)

Category-Specific Agnosia

A type of agnosia in which a person knows all object except things in a specific category.

This could be due to damage in a very specific area that takes out he columnar organization of a specific thing

Prosopagnosia

A facial-recognition deficit not explained by defective acuity or reduced consciousness or alertness; rare in pure form and thought to be secondary to right parietal lesions or bilateral lesions