The d- and f- Block Elements in Chemistry

These flashcards cover essential concepts related to the d- and f-block elements, including definitions, properties, and specific examples pertinent to transition metals.

What defines transition metals according to IUPAC?

Transition metals are defined as metals which have an incomplete d subshell in either their neutral atoms or in their ions.

Which elements are considered inner transition metals?

Inner transition metals consist of the lanthanoids and actinoids, corresponding to the filling of the 4f and 5f orbitals, respectively.

What is the electronic configuration of Cr in its ground state?

The electronic configuration of chromium (Cr) is 3d5 4s1.

How does the stability of d and f orbitals influence the properties of transition metals?

The presence of partially filled d or f orbitals allows transition metals to exhibit unique properties such as variable oxidation states, formation of colored compounds, and paramagnetism.

What is lanthanoid contraction?

Lanthanoid contraction refers to the gradual decrease in atomic and ionic radii of lanthanoids from lanthanum to lutetium due to poor shielding of 4f electrons by one another.

What common oxidation states are exhibited by transition metals?

Transition metals can exhibit multiple oxidation states, typically differing by increments of one.

Why is zinc not considered a transition metal?

Zinc is not considered a transition metal because it has a full d10 configuration in its ground state and oxidation states.

Name a characteristic property of transition metals due to their d-orbitals.

Transition metals exhibit catalytic properties due to their ability to change oxidation states and form various complexes.

How do transition metals form complex ions?

Transition metals form complex ions by binding to ligands, which can be simple ions or neutral molecules, through coordinate covalent bonds.

What is the preparation method for potassium dichromate?

Potassium dichromate is prepared by the fusion of chromite ore with sodium or potassium carbonate in the presence of air, followed by acidification.

How does potassium permanganate react in acidic solutions?

In acidic solutions, potassium permanganate acts as a strong oxidizing agent, capable of oxidizing iodide ions and converting iron(II) into iron(III).