BIOSC 0150 FUNCTIONAL GROUPS and Macromoles Functions

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20 Terms

1

aldehyde

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2

keto

- polar
- c=o group is very reactive
-is important in building/creating carbohydrates and in energy-releasing reactions

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3

keto

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4

carboxyl

- charged
- acidic
- ionizes in living tissues to form -COO- and H+
- enters into condensation reactions by giving up -OH making H20
- some carboxyic acids important in energy releasing reactions

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5

carboxyl

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6

amino

- charged
- basic: not acidic
- accepts H+ in living tissues to form -NH3+
- enters into condensation reactions by giving up H+

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7

amino

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8

hydroxyl

- polar
-forms hydrogen bonds with water to help dissolve molecules.
-enables linkage to other molecules by condensation

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9

hydroxyl

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10

aldehyde

- polar
- c=o group is very reactive
- important in building molecules and in energy-releasing reactions

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11

phosphate

- charged
- acidic
- enters into condensation reactions by giving up -OH
- when bonded to another phosphate, hydrolysis releases a lot much energy

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12

phosphate

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13

sulfhydryl

- gives up H
-Allows two -SH groups allows the reaction to create a disulfide bridge, thus stabilizing protein structure

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14

sulfhydryl

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15

methyl

- nonpolar
- important in interacting with other nonpolar molecules and in energy transfer

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16

methyl

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17

Amino Acids

-Protein Function
-Neurotransmission
-Nitrogen Metabolism

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18

Nucleotides

-made up of a pentose sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base
-Nucleic Acid Function
-Energy Conversion
-Signal Transduction
-Enzyme catalysts

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19

carbohydrates

-energy conversion
-cell wall structure
-cell recognition
-nucleotide structure
-follows the same 1:2:1 CH2O ratio. every 1 carbon, 2 hydrogen, 1 oxygen

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20

fatty acids

-Cell membrane
-Energy converter
-Cell signaling
-Long chain of C-H molecules

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