Intro to Vet Tech - Lecture 3 (Meat and Bones Med Term) 🦴🩻

Musculoskeletal system

-consists of two systems that work together to support the body and allow for movement of the animal

Skeletal system

-bones, joints, cartilage, and various connective tissues

Muscular system

-muscles and various connective tissues

Functions of skeletal system

-framework that provides support and protection

-formation of blood cells

-aids in movement

Structures of skeletal system

-bones

-cartilage

-joints

-ligaments and tendons

-bursa

-synovial membrane and fluid

Bone is one of the _______ tissues in the body

-hardest

oste/o

oss/e

oss/i

-means bone

Formation of bone from fibrous tissue is known as

Ossification

What do bones start as before hardening into bone before birth?

-fibrous tissue and cartilage

Cortical (aka compact bone) is the

-hard, dense, strong bone that forms the outer layer of bone

Cancellous (aka spongy bone) is the

-lighter, less strong bone that is found in the ends and inner portions of long bone.

Long bone consist of a ___ , ___ and _____?

-consist of a shaft, two ends, and a marrow cavity

Examples of long bones are

-femur

-humerus

-tibia

-radius

Short bone

-carpal

Flat bone

-pelvis

Pneumatic bone

-frontal

Irregular bone

-vertebrae

Sesamoid bone

-patella

____ is the formation of blood and blood components

Hematopoietic

Red bone marrow produces:

-red blood cells

-white blood cells

-clotting cells

-Yellow bone marrow produces

-fat storage

Cartilage

-form of connective tissue that is more elastic than bone

what is the combining form for cartilage

chondr/ o

Articular cartilage is a type of cartilage that

that covers the joint surfaces of bone

Meniscus is a

-curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints

-provides additional cushioning

Joints are are are also know as ____

-connections between bones

-also known as articulations

_ is the ombining form for joint

arthr/o

How are joints classified:

-based on degree of movement

Synarthroses (joint)

what is an example:

-immoveable

ex: suture

Amphiarthrosis (joint)

what is an example:

-slightly moveable

ex: symphysis

Diarthrosis (joint)

what is an example:

-freely moveable

ex: sybovial joints (ball and joint, saddle, pivot/ trochoid, hinge/ ginglymus, gliding or condyloid/ arthrodial)

Ligament are what

-bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect one bone to another

___ is the combining form for ligament

Ligament/o

Tendons

-bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect muscle to bone

__ is the combining forms of tendon

Ten/o

Tend/o

Tendin/o

Bursa is a

-fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to reduce friction during movement

Synovial fluid acts as a

-lubricant for joint movement

Cranium is a

-portion of skull that encloses the brain

___ is the combining form for skull

Crani/o

___ are air-filled or fluid-filled spaces in skull

Sinuses

Vertebral comlumn does what?

-supports head and body

-comprised of individual bones called "vertebrae"

-__is the combining forms for vertebrae

Spondy/o

Vertebr/o

Vertebrae are divided into parts:

-body

-arch

-lamina

-vertebral foramen

-processes (spinous, transverse, and articular)

-cost/o is combing form for

Ribs

Sternum

-manubrium

-body

-xiphoid process

Appendicular skeleton is the

-framework that consists of the extremities, shoulder, and pelvic girdle

-includes the bones of front and hind limbs

Bones of front limb included the:

-scapula

-clavicle

-numerous

-radius

-ulna

-carpal bones

-metacarpal bones -> cannon bone in livestock

-phalanges

Phalanx names: P1

-long pastern bone in livestock

Phalanx names: P2

-short pastern bone in livestock

Phalanx names: P3

-coffin bone in livestock

-in small animals may be called claw or nail

__is the combining form for claw or nail

Onych/o

Bones of the hind limbs included the:

-pelvis

-femur

-patella

-tibia

-fibula

-tarsal bones

-metatarsals -> cannon bone in livestock

-phalanges

Bones of the pelvis include the:

-ilium

-ischium

-pubis

-acetabulum (bony part of the socket joint)

Bones have what for structural support?

-bumps

-grooves

-ridges

-extensions and depression

__are organs that contract to produce movement

Muscles

Muscles are responsible for:

-ambulation

-control of organs and tissues

-pumping of blood

-generation of heat

Muscles are made up of:

-long, slender cells called muscle fibers

-combing form for muscle

My/o

-combing forms for fibrous tossue

Fibr/o

Fibros/o

Fascia is a

-sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, and separates muscles

-combing forms for fascia

Fasci/o

Fasc/i

Aponeurosis is the ___

-fibrous sheet that gives attachment to muscular fibers and serves as a means of origin and insertion of a flat muscle

Aponeur/o

-combing form of aponeurosis

Kinesi/o, Kenisis means what

-means movement

Agon

-struggle

Syn

-together

erg-

-work

Synergistic muscles doe what

work with other muscles to produce movement

Naming muscles by what:

-origin (where muscle begins)

-insertion (where muscle ends)

Muscle movement terms:

-abduction

-adductor

-flexor

-extensor

-levator

-depressor

-rotator

-supinator

-pronator

Muscle location terms:

-pectoral

-epaxil

-intercostal

-infraspinatus

Muscle fiber directional terms

-rectus

-oblique

-transverse

-sphincter

Number of muscle divisional terms:

-biceps

-triceps

-quadriceps

Muscle size terms

-minimus (small muscles)

-maximus (large muscles)

-major

-minor

-latissimus (broad muscles)

-longissimus (naroown muscles)

Muscle shape terms:

-deltoid

-quadratus

-rhomboideus

Elextromyography

-recording of the electrical activity of muscle