Cell Structure, Function, and Organization: ATI TEAS 7 Science Flashcards

Cell

Basic unit of life

Levels of organization (small → large)

Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ system → Organism

Prokaryotic cell

Cell without a nucleus (bacteria)

Eukaryotic cell

Cell with a nucleus (human cells)

Cell membrane

Controls what enters and exits the cell

Cytoplasm

Jelly-like fluid that holds organelles

Nucleus

Control center of the cell; contains DNA

Mitochondria

Produces energy (ATP)

Ribosomes

Make proteins

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Transports proteins and lipids

Golgi apparatus

Packages and ships proteins

Lysosome

Breaks down waste and old cell parts

Vacuole

Storage of water, nutrients, or waste

Passive transport

Movement without energy

Diffusion

Movement from high to low concentration

Osmosis

Movement of water across a membrane

Active transport

Movement requiring energy

Cell surface area

Affects how fast materials move in and out

Smaller cells

Exchange materials faster

Cell specialization

Cells have specific shapes for specific functions

Example of specialized cell

Nerve cells are long to send signals

Epithelial tissue

Protection and absorption

Connective tissue

Support and binding

Muscle tissue

Movement

Nervous tissue

Communication

Energy-producing organelle

Mitochondria

Organelle that makes proteins

Ribosomes

Organelle that packages proteins

Golgi apparatus

Water movement across membrane

Osmosis

Structure determines function

Cell shape relates to its job

ATP

Energy used by cells

DNA location

Nucleus