Frontal/Coronal Plane
Vertical: splits body into anterior & posterior halves
Sagittal/Median Plane
Vertical: splits body into left & right halves
Transverse/Horizontal Plane
Splits body into superior & inferior halves
Cross section
Oblique Plane
Result of cuts at an angle other than 90 to vertical plane
Superior/Inferior
Superior/cephalic/cranial: Upper part of structure
Inferior/caudal: Lower part of structure
Anterior/Posterior
Anterior/ventral: Nearer to front of body
Posterior/dorsal: Nearer to back of body
Medial/Lateral
Medial: Nearer to midline
Lateral: Farther from midline
Intermediate
Between 2 Structures
Ipsilateral
On the same side as another structure
Contralateral
On opposite side of another structure
Proximal/Distal
Proximal: Nearer to point of origin
Distal: Farther from point of origin
Superficial/Deep
Superficial: Toward the surface
Deep: Away from the surface
Axial/Appendicular
Axial: Head, neck, trunk
Appendicular: Limbs
2 Major Body Cavities
Dorsal cavity
Ventral cavity
Cranial Cavity
Cranial bones
Contains brain
Vertebral Cavity
Vertebral column
Spinal cord
Thoracic Cavity
The chest cavity
Pleural Cavity
Pericardial Cavity
Mediastinum
Abdominopelvic Cavity
Abdominal Cavity: Stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, SI, LI, peritoneum membrane
Pelvic Cavity: Urinary bladder, LI, Reproductive organs
Ventral Cavity Membranes
Serosa
Pericardium
Serosa (Serous Membrane)
Ventral cavity
double-layered membrane
Serous fluid
Parietal serosa: cavity walls
Visceral serosa: organs
Minor Body Cavities
Oral/Digestive cavity
Nasal cavities
Orbital cavities
Middle ear cavities
Synovial cavities