Philosophy Terms Quiz

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Argument

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21 Terms

1

Argument

A set of sentences such that one sentence (the conclusion) follows necessarily from the other sentences (the premises)

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2

Premise

A statement regarding what is the case (taken as fact)

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3

Syllogism

A brief form for stating an argument that consists of two statements and a conclusion that must be true if these two statements are true.

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4

Enthymeme

An argument with a suppressed premise (unmentioned but argument is still understandable and generally agreeable without it)

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5

Deductive Argument

The conclusion is no broader than its premises; the conclusion is confined in its premises (Non-Ampliative)

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6

Inductive Argument

The conclusion is broader than premises (Ampliative)

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7

Ampliative

Serving to extend what is already known

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8

Valid Argument

The conclusions follows from the premises

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9

Well-grounded argument

Based on accurate premises

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10

Sound Argument

Are valid and well-grounded

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11

Logical Fallacy

An identifiable category of argument that does not support its conclusion

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12

Circular Argument

The conclusion is identical to the premise

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13

Begging the question

One has to accept the conclusion to accept one of the premises

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14

Ad hominem

Attacking your interlocutorā€™s character or personal traits in an attempt to undermine their argument

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15

Appeal to Authority

Claiming that because an authority figure thinks something, then it must be the case

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16

Strawman Fallacy

To interpret someoneā€™s position in an unfairly weak way, and so argue agains a position that nobody holds, or is likely to hold

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17

Genetic Fallacy

Judging a claim/argument based on where it comes from

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18

Black or White Fallacy/False dilemma

Considering two alternative states as the only possibilities, when in fact more possibilities exist

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19

Middle Ground Fallacy

Presuming that a compromise, or middle ground, between two extremes must be the truth

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20

Anecdotal Fallacy

Idea that we can use an experience or story in place of a sound argument or compelling evidence

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21

Appeal to Nature

Presuming that because something is ā€˜naturalā€™ it is therefore justified, inevitable, good, or ideal

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