Mixtures and Solutions

Flashcards covering key concepts related to mixtures and solutions, including definitions and methods for classification and separation.

Mixture

A combination of two or more pure substances that can be separated into pure substances.

Homogeneous Mixture

A mixture that has a uniform composition, with particles that are uniformly distributed.

Heterogeneous Mixture

A mixture that has visibly different parts, with particles that are not uniformly distributed.

Filtration

A method used to separate larger particles from a heterogeneous mixture.

Distillation

A method used to separate liquids in a mixture that differ in boiling point.

Crystallization

A method that separates a solid from a liquid solution by evaporating the liquid.

Chromatography

A technique for separating components of a mixture as they flow through a stationary phase.

Suspension

A heterogeneous mixture where large particles settle to the bottom (e.g., muddy water).

Colloid

A heterogeneous mixture with tiny particles that remain suspended and give a cloudy appearance (e.g., milk).

Tyndall Effect

The scattering of light by the particles in a colloid, making the light beam visible.

Solution

A stable homogeneous mixture of two or more substances uniformly distributed (e.g., saltwater).

Solute

The substance that is being dissolved in a solution (e.g., salt in saltwater).

Solvent

The substance that does the dissolving in a solution, usually present in the largest amount (e.g., water).

Electrolyte

A substance that dissolves in water and conducts electricity by separating into ions.

Nonelectrolyte

A substance that dissolves in water but does not conduct electricity, such as covalent compounds.