Faith and Spirituality in the Workplace Exam 1 - University of Arkansas

atman

Hindu concept of the eternal soul

avatar

Hindu concept of the incarnation or earthly manifestation of a deity

Bhagavad-Gita

Sanskrit for 'Song of the Lord'; this text is regarded as the crowning achievement of Hindu sacred literature

Yoga

Communion; union of the soul with the Supreme, or a process which promotes that relationship. The English word 'yoke' is derived from yoga. The Yogas represent different paths to liberation. There are 4 principal paths

Bhakti Yoga:

Hindu concept of devotional service to a personal god. The way to God through love.

Jnana Yoga

The path of knowledge, that aims at liberation. The way to God through knowledge

Raja Yoga

Path of self-control and meditation to realize God. The way to God through psychophysical exercises (not physical exercises, as in working out).

Karma Yoga

the path of self-realization through dedicating the fruits of one's work to God. The way to God through work.

Brahma

Hindu god of creation

Brahman

Hindu concept for the spiritual oneness of all reality

Guru

in Hinduism, refers to a spiritual teacher

Jiva

in Hinduism, refers to the physical/psychological/social 'self' which acts, but which is not eternal

Krishna

Incarnation of the Hindu god Vishnu, who appears as a main character in the Bhagavad-Gita

Maya

Hindu concept of false or illusory reality

Meditation

focused, disciplined concentration intended to enable experience of the sacred

Samsara

Sanskrit for 'the cycle of rebirth'

moksha

release from the cycle of death and rebirth in Indian religions; liberation

shiva

Hindu god of destruction and rejuvenation

Upanishads:

Philosophical materials in the Vedic literature

Vedas

literally means, 'knowledge'; applies to the entire collection of Indian sacred literature, including the

Upanishads

Vishnu

Hindu god of preservation and love; appears on earth on verious forms (avatars) in times of crisis

Karma

used to refer to the law of cause and effect

Dharma

duty; religious duty. Literal translation - intrinsic quality of the self or that which sustains one's

existence.

Caste

literally means, 'race'; the stratified system of social classes in traditional Hindu society

The Four Stations of Life (Castes)

The Upanishads rationalize the caste system by saying "The Brahmin was

his mouth, of both his arms was the Rajanya (Kshatiyas) made. The thighs became the Vaisha, from the feet the Shudra was produced."

Seers (Brahmins)

priestly caste. Intellectuals, spiritual leaders, philosophers

Administrators (Kshatriyas)

administrators. The people who can "orchestrate people and projects"

Producers (Vaishyas)

merchants, farmers, producers. People who create material objects

Followers (Shudras)

servants, unskilled laborers, followers

untouchables

in traditional Hindu society, those 'below' the caste system, and thus not embers of any of the four castes. Also called 'outcasts.' Mahatma Gandhi called the untouchables harijan, which means 'children of God.'

The Four Stages of Life

student, householder, Retirement, Sannyasin

Student

studying. Learning from a Guru. Coming of age.

Householder

forming and caring for your own family unit

Retirement

time when a person can detach from the daily grind of the Householder stage

Sannyasin

a time of rejection of worldly life in exchange for a search to attain Moksha. A letting go of

all sense of self.

Roman Catholicism

one of three Christian branches. Centered in Rome at the Vatican. Head of the church is the pope

Eastern Orthodoxy

One of three Christian branches. More similar to Roman Catholics than to other Christian branches. The EO church anf Roman Catholicism church disagree on matters of doctrine.

Protestantism

One of the three major branches of Christian ranches. Consists of a broad group of churches which do not belong to one of the other two branches. Includes 1. Adventist, Anglican, Baptist, Calvinist, Lutheran, Methodist, and Pentecostal churches, among others.

God

supreme being. seen as a father figure and creator of all things

Jesus Christ

founder of the Christian faith. Died for the sins of humanity. Seen as one in being with God and with the Holy Spirit

Virign Mary

the mother of Jesus Christ, said to have conceived him by immaculate conception (a virgin birth). The Virgin Mary is especially important to those who practice Roman Catholicism. She is also highly revered in the Muslim faith

Apostles

the twelve followers of Jesus during his lifetime. Literal translation is "a person who is sent to preach the gospel."

Disciples

a person who follows Jesus' teachings

Pope

leader of the Roman Catholic church. Said to have "papal infallibility" in certain specific circumstances regarding church dogma

Satan

another name for the devil. A representation of evil and sin

Trinity

used to represent the belief that there is one God in three parts: God the father, God the son, and God the holy spirit.

Incarnation

used to describe Jesus becoming human by being born to the Virgin Mary.

Ascension

used to describe Jesus returning to heaven, 40 days after he resurrected from the dead after his crucifixion.

Salvation

refers to a human "being saved" or returning to be in the presence of God.

Grace

God love and mercy for all human beings

Sin

a wrong behavior that causes the separation from God

Atonement

making amends for wrong or sins

Reconciliation

getting closer to or being reconciled with God through having sins forgiven

Baptism

a rite of entry into Christian churches. Can take place as a baby or as an adult

Sacrament

a rite or ceremony that is an outward sign of something holy, or of grace. Sacraments include baptism, eucharist, confirmation, holy orders, reconciliation, anointing of the sick, marriage. Not all sacraments are recognized by all Christian branches.

Communion/Eucharist

translates as "Thanksgiving." A rite that reenacts the events at Christ's last supper before his crucifixion. Most Christian branches perform this in some fashion.

Transubstantiation

the belief held mainly by the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches that the wine and bread used in the Eucharistic service actually turns into (changes substances - transubstantiates) the actual blood and body of Jesus Christ.

Bible

the Christian holy book. Contains the Old Testament and New Testament. May also contain the Apocrypha

Theology

study of God and the nature of God

Parable

stories Jesus used to communicate messages with underlying spiritual meaning.

Sunday

recognized as the Christian holy day, Sabbath, or day of rest. Many Christian churches recognize Saturday as an acceptable day to celebrate the Sabbath.

Alter

the location inside a Christian church that represents the table where Jesus shared his last supper with his apostles

Crucifix / Crucifixion

1. a crucifix is a model of a cross with a representation of Christ hanging from it, to remind Christians of Christ's crucifixion, when he was put to death by being nailed to a cross.

Commandments

rules that God gave to Moses for how to live life

Creed

there are two main creeds in the Christian church that state church members' religious beliefs. These are the Apostles' Creed and the Nicene Creed. Many other prayers exist among the three Christian branches.

Denomination

word used to describe any of a number of churches who consider themselves to be Christian churches.

Old Testament

another name for the Hebrew Scriptures contained in the Bible

New Testament

part of the Bible that comes after the Old Testament. Contains the Gospels, Epistles, and book of Revelation

Heaven

the place/state where Christians aim to be after death. Where God exists

Purgatory

a place/state between earth and Heaven. Seen by some Christian branches as a "waiting area" that some souls must occupy until they are ready to be with God in Heaven.

Hell

a place/state that represents absolute and permanent separation from God after death, where a human's should lives for eternity. Different Christian branches have different views on hell/heaven/purgatory

10 ways to have a better conversation

1. Don't multitask

2. Don't pontificate

3. Use open ended questions

4. Go with the flow

5. If you don't know, say that you don't know

6. Don't equate your experience with theirs

7. Try not to repeat yourself

8. Stay out of the weeds

9. Listen

10. Be brief

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

•Prohibits employment discrimination on the basis of:

•race

•color

•religion

•sex

•national origin

•

•Established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to enforce its provisions

•It governs the treatment of individuals in all aspects of employment (hiring, promotion, training, etc) in a fair and non-biased manner.

What does the law require

•Employers are required to make reasonable accommodations for an employee as long as it does not create an undue hardship.

•

•An undue hardship = substantial increased costs (rather than de minimis) June 2023 US Supreme Court decision unanimous decision

Exceptions from Anti-Discrimination Regulations

- Bona Fide Occupational Qualification (BFOQ)

- Business Necessity

Bona Fide Occupational Qualification (BFOQ)

•Suitable defense against a discrimination charge only where membership in a protected class is an actual qualification for performing the job

Examples: Hiring only members of a certain religion for clergy, school instruction (Catholic school)

Business Necessity

Work-related practice that is necessary to the safe and efficient operation of an organization

Example: Firemen must shave

mutual regard

inner peace & joy

Early Christian possessed some distinct qualities. what were those qualities?

the incarnation

the atonement

the trinity

tenants of Christian theology