Foundations of Cell Biology: Molecules, Macromolecules, and Chemical Energy (Ch1)

These flashcards cover vocabulary related to cell biology, including key terms and definitions essential for understanding the fundamental concepts discussed in the lecture.

Cell Biology

The study of how cells function.

Macromolecule

Large molecules made up of smaller structural units called monomers.

Prokaryotic Cell

A cell that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, classified as either Bacteria or Archaea.

Eukaryotic Cell

A cell that has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells.

Peptidoglycan

A polymer that forms the cell wall of many bacteria, providing structural support.

Fluorescence Microscopy

A technique that uses fluorescent dyes to tag molecules in cells, allowing for visualization.

Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)

A microscopy technique that uses a beam of electrons to visualize the internal structure of thinly sliced specimens.

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)

A microscopy technique that provides detailed images of the surfaces of specimens.

X-Ray Crystallography

A technique to determine the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal by diffracting X-ray beams.

Bacteria

Single-celled organisms that are classified under the domain Prokarya, which are known for their simplicity and variety.

Archaea

Microorganisms similar to bacteria but genetically distinct, often capable of surviving in extreme environments.

Cell Membrane

A biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of the cell from the external environment.

Nucleus

The membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) in eukaryotic cells.

Genome

The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism.

Ion

An atom or molecule that has a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.

ATP Synthase

An enzyme that creates ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate during cellular respiration.

Morphological Diversity

The variation in the form and structure of organisms, specifically cells.

Functional Diversity

The variety of different functions that organisms or cells can have, contributing to ecosystem diversity.

Cryogenic Electron Microscopy (cryo-EM)

A technique that allows for the observation of specimens at very low temperatures to minimize radiation damage.

Cell Wall

A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane in plants and certain prokaryotes, providing support and protection.