QA HW fill in blank

___ refers to a program for the systematic monitoring and evaluation of the various aspects of vascular testing to ensure that standards of quality are being met.

Quality assurance (QA)

___ is the science of making effective use of numerical data relating to groups of individuals or experiments.

Statistics

The ___ is used to compare one form of a newer diagnostic test with another well-established and reliable test.

"gold standard"

The "gold standard" in vascular imaging is typically ___, but ideally, vascular ultrasound can match the "gold standard" ___% of the time.

angiography; 100%

___ is the number of studies performed by ultrasound, which states that disease IS present and the gold standard agrees.

True positive (US was right about disease being present)

___ is the number of studies performed by ultrasound, which states that disease is NOT present and the gold standard agrees.

True negative (US was right about disease being absent)

___ is the number of studies performed by ultrasound, which states that disease IS present but the gold standard disagrees.

False positive (US was wrong about disease being present)

___ is the number of studies performed by ultrasound, which states that disease is NOT present but the gold standard disagrees.

False negative (US was wrong about disease being absent)

T/F : It is more important to be accurate when disease is present than when disease is not present.

False (they are equally important)

___ is the percentage of correct results overall; or the degree of "closeness" of something to its actual value.

Accuracy

How is accuracy calculated?

(A+D) / (A+B+C+D)

___ is the ability to correctly identify disease when disease is truly present.

Sensitivity

How is sensitivity calculated?

A / (A+C)

___ is the ability of a test to identify something as normal.

Specificity

How is specificity calculated?

D / (D+B)

___ is the consistency of obtaining similar results under similar circumstances.

Reliability

___ is the proportion of positive tests that are correctly identified.

Positive Predictive Value (PPV)

How is Positive Predictive Value calculated?

A / (A+B)

___ is the proportion of negative test that are correctly identified.

Negative Predictive Value (NPV)

How is Negative Predictive Value calculated?

D / (D+C)

The ___ is a statistical test that compares the difference between what you expect and what you observe.

Chi-Square Test