Forensic Psych

Differential Experience Hypothesis

The idea that individuals from different backgrounds have varying experiences with the criminal justice system, impacting their perceptions and interactions.

Own Race Bias

A tendency for individuals to show preference or bias toward members of their own race, particularly in contexts of decision making or eyewitness testimonies.

4 Stages of the Judicial Process

The stages include pretrial, trial, disposition, and appeals.

What happens during the pretrial phase of a judicial process?

Initial appearance, arraignment where charges are read and a plea may be entered, and the discovery process.

What is jurisdiction?

The authority of a court or government to make decisions and apply the law; may refer to the territory where this authority applies.

Difference between civil and criminal courts

Civil courts deal with disputes between individuals or organizations, while criminal courts handle cases where the government prosecutes individuals for violating laws.

Peremptory Challenge (Fish Shirt)

The right to reject a potential juror without providing a reason.

Deposition

Sworn testimony given outside of court during the pretrial process, usually in the presence of a court recorder.

What is voir dire?

The process of questioning potential jurors to determine their suitability for serving on a jury.

Daubert Standard

A rule of evidence regarding the admissibility of expert witness testimony, particularly concerning scientific evidence.

Dusky Standard

A legal standard to determine a defendant's competency to stand trial.

Risk Assessments

Tools or methods used to predict the likelihood of an individual being dangerous or committing future crimes.

Dual Purpose Evaluation

An assessment that simultaneously evaluates a defendant's insanity and competency to stand trial.

What percentage of criminal cases end in a plea deal?

90% of criminal cases end in a plea deal, while civil cases typically end in settlements.

What sets a trial in motion?

A not guilty plea by the defendant.

Commitment Bias

The tendency to commit to a decision and remain consistent with it, even when evidence suggests it may be incorrect.

Characteristics of an effective police officer

Traits such as communication skills, problem-solving ability, empathy, and physical fitness.

Amicus Curiae Brief

A document submitted by a 'friend of the court' who is not directly involved in the case but offers expertise to assist the court in making a decision.