WHAP Quiz Units 5-9 Vocab

blitzkrieg

“lightning war” military tactic used by Germany in WW2; air force —> tanks —> soldiers

steam engine

invented by James Watt; kick started the Industrial Revolution; was able to power factories

code of Bushido

moral code regarding Japanese samurai and their attitude, behavior, and lifestyle

Marshall Plan

a U.S. plan that provided foreign aid to Western Europe after the devastation of WW2

suffrage

the right to vote in political elections

World Trade Organization

an international organization that regulates and facilitates trade between nations

African National Congress

South African political party; led by Nelson Mandela and created to end apartheid

European Union

political and economic partnership between 27 European countries

Third Reich

Nazi regime under Hitler

United Nations

international organization created to maintain peace around the world; created in 1945 after the failed attempt of the League of Nations

Nazi

a member of a German fascist party controlling Germany from 1933 to 1945 under Adolf Hitler

labor unions

an organization of workers, formed to improve working conditions

nationalism

identification with one's own nation and support for its interests

Iron Curtain

the imaginary line dividing Europe between the East (influenced by the Soviet Union) and the West

Bolsheviks

members of the Russian Social Democratic Party, which was renamed the Communist Party after it seized power in 1917

sepoys

Indian soldiers serving under Britain during their rule of India

fascism

a political philosophy that advocates the glorification of the state; one ruler, state has absolute authority

Zionism

Jewish nationalist movement whose goal is to create and support a Jewish national state in Palestine, the ancient homeland of the Jews

Central Powers

military alliance in WW1 involving Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire

totalitarian

Government has total control over every aspect of the people’s lives; dictatorship

Fourteen points

speech made by Woodrow Wilson that outlined his vision for long-lasting peace in the world following WW1

indulgences

people payed the Catholic Church to forgive their sins

League of Nations

international organization created after WW1 to promote peace; failed because U.S. never joined

Indian National Congress

Political party in India created to advocate for Indian independence during British colonial rule

collectivization

joining private farms together so that they are controlled by the community or state

interchangeable parts

identical components that can be substituted one for another; enabled mass production

Monroe Doctrine

U.S. foreign policy that opposed European colonialism in the Western Hemisphere

glasnost

openness; Gorbachev’s policy of permitting a much wider range of cultural and intellectual freedoms in Soviet life

Warsaw Pact

military alliance between Communist countries in East Europe to counter NATO

polytheism

belief of many gods

laissez-faire

policy of minimum governmental interference in economic affairs

Manhattan Project

secret WW2 project in which the U.S. sought to develop and deploy the first atomic weapons

spheres of influence

the region over which an external group has power or authority in a foreign territory

Lusitania

British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-boat; 128 Americans died

Social Darwinism

“survival of the fittest”; claim that certain races are superior; used to support imperialism

NATO

military alliance created to counter the Soviet Union and communism

deism

deity created world but doesn’t intervene in history or tamper with natural law

Romanov Dynasty

last imperial dynasty to rule Russia; ended w/ Tsar Nicholas II

Truman Doctrine

U.S. would provide aid to any country threatened by communism

Zimmerman Telegram

coded message sent to Mexico from Germany proposing a military alliance against U.S.

apartheid

policy of strict racial segregation imposed in South America

urbanization

process in which population of cities increase as people from rural areas relocate to them

perestroika

reconstructing; Gorbachev's economic reform program

Leon Trotsky

second-in-command to Lenin during Russian Revolution; also ran against Stalin after Lenin's rule ended

John Calvin

founder of Calvinism; believed that God already determined who would be eternally saved and who would be eternally condemned to hell

Adam Smith

Scottish economic philosopher; wrote The Wealth of Nations

Mikhail Gorbachev

last president of Soviet Union; supported democratic reforms; policies led to collapse of Soviet Union

Catherine the Great

reigned over Russia; westernized Russia; established educational reforms and extended the Russian border

Nicholas II

last Russian emperor; killed by the Bolsheviks

Samuel Morse

invented the telegraph

Louis XVI (16th)

last king of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution

Charles Darwin

established theory of evolution by natural selection; wrote On the Origin of Species

Adolf Hitler

German fascist and leader of Nazi Germany; gained power through diplomacy

Toussaint L'Ouverture

Haitian general; led slave revolt and emancipated slaves in Haitian Revolution

Giuseppe Garibaldi

Italian general and nationalist who unified Italy

Miguel Hidalgo

led fight against Spanish rule in Mexico and fought for its independence

Benito Mussolini

Italian fascist leader; seized power

Deng Xiaoping

took power after Mao Zedong and established economic reforms that improved China’s economy

Vladimir Putin

president of Russia

Wilhelm II

German emperor and king of Prussia from 1888 to end of WW1 in 1918

Ho Chi Minh

led communist forces of North Vietnam during Vietnam War

Francisco Franco

fascist leader of Spain

Nelson Mandela

leader of ANC and first black President of South Africa; ended apartheid

Mao Zedong

communist leader of China

Ataturk

first president of Turkey; founder of the Republic of Turkey; “Father of the Turks”

Sun Yat-Sen

Chinese revolutionary who overthrew the Qing Dynasty and was the first provisional president of the Republic of China

Genghis Khan

unified nomadic tribes and established the Mongol Empire; expanded empire across Asia to the Adriatic Sea

Karl Marx

German philosopher; wrote The Communist Manifesto; advocated for a society in which workers owned the means of production

Franklin Roosevelt

established the New Deal during the Great Depression; led U.S. during most of WW2

Winston Churchill

prime minister of Britain who replaced Neville Chamberlain and led Britain through WW2

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Swiss philosopher who wrote The Social Contract

Henry Ford

founder of Ford Motor Company; introduced moving assembly line to car production

Chiang Kai-Shek

leader of the Chinese Nationalist Party; fled to Taiwan after the Chinese Communist Party became victorious over them

Charles de Montesquieu

French philosopher; advocated for democracy and the separation of powers; wrote The Spirit of the Laws

Simon Bolivar

South American revolutionary leader who led the rebellion against the Spanish Empire

Fidel Castro

Cuban revolutionary who came to power in Cuba in 1959 and established a Communist regime in 1960

Thomas Hobbes

English philosopher; wrote Leviathan; had a negative view on human nature

Vladimir Lenin

Russian revolutionary leader; overthrew czarist government and became first communist leader of Russia

Alexander Bell

invented the telephone

Otto von Bismarck

Prussian leader who unified Germany

Douglas MacArthur

U.S. general who fought in the Pacific Theater during WW2

John Locke

English philosopher; wrote Two Treatises on Government; believed people have natural rights and are naturally reasonable and moral

Franz Ferdinand

heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary; his assassination sparked WW1

Martin Luther

German theologian who sparked the Protestant Reformation by publishing his 95 Theses

Voltaire

French philosopher who wrote satirical works about the Catholic Church

Joseph Stalin

Soviet dictator; enacted Five Year Plans to increase industrial production

Napoleon Bonaparte

French general and important figure in the French Revolution; crowned himself as Emperor of France

Thomas Paine

English-American philosopher; wrote Common Sense which influenced the American Revolution

Mohandas Gandhi

leader of Indian independence movement; was non-violent

Hiroshima

first Japanese city in which the atomic bomb was dropped by the U.S.

Pearl Harbor

located in Hawaii and bombed by Japan to weaken U.S. navy and capture vital oil supplies

Suez Canal

a human-made waterway that connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea, making it the shortest maritime route to Asia from Europe

Panama Canal

a human-made waterway that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean

U.S.S.R.

also called Soviet Union; a federal socialist state that existed from 1922 until its dissolution in 1991

Nagasaki

second Japanese city in which the atomic bomb was dropped by the U.S.

Middle Ages

medieval period of European history between the fall of the Roman Empire and the beginning of the Renaissance

Holocaust

the systematic, state-run murder of six million Jews by the Nazi regime

Protestant Reformation

began in 1517 by Martin Luther; religious reform movement that split from Catholic Church because of its abuses and corruption

Counter-Reformation

effort to oppose the Protestant Reformation and reform the Catholic Church

Thirty Years’ War

Protestants vs. Catholics war; one of the most destructive conflicts in European history; ended with Peace of Westphalia