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Aigu
The accent (é) goes down to the left. It tells you to pronounce an e similar to the a the English word date.
Grave
The accent ( è) goes down to the right. It tells you to pronounce an e like the e in the English word jet.
Examples: zèbre; poème
However, an accent over an a or u does not change the sound of these letters.
Examples: à; où
Circonflexe
The accent (â) can appear over any vowel, but it does not change the sound of the letter.
Examples: âge ; hôpital
Cédille
The (ç) under a c tells you to pronounce the c like an s.
Tréma
When two vowels appear next to each other, a (ë) over the second one tells you to pronounce each vowel separately.
Examples: Noël ; maïs
You usually will not see accents on capital letters.
Examples: île → Ile ; état → Etats-Unis
When you spell a word aloud, be sure to say the accents as well as the letters. Say the letter first, then the accents