Credits and huge thanks to Molly for the doc and everyone else for helping with answers. :D
Robert Hooke
First to use the term "cell."
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
First person to discover tiny microscopic living organisms.
Rudolf Virchow
Discovered that all cells come from existing cells.
Matthias Schleiden
Discovered that all plants are made of cells.
Theodore Schwann
Discovered that all animals are made of cells.
Mitochondria
The Powerhouse of the cell, generates molecules of ATP that are used for cellular activities (powers the cell)
Ribosomes
Makes proteins
Nucleus
Control center for the cell, Where the DNA is found, Found in plants and animal cells (tells the cell what to do)
Lysosomes
Cellular stomach, Digests old organelles and food vacuoles, gets rid of by-products
What's the by-product of cellular respiration?
Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)
Biological Levels of Organization
Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ Systems → Organisms
Difference between cell wall and cell membrane
Plants have cell walls, animals don't (they have cell membranes).
When are centrioles active?
During cell division
What are cells made of?
Organelles
Microscope
The first tool to allow scientists to see cells.
Diffusion
Process by which particles tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated.
Osmosis
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Facilitated Diffusion
Process of diffusion in which molecules pass across the membrane through cell membrane channels (needs carrier proteins)
Pinocytosis
Liquid materials (cell drinking)
Phagocytosis
Solid materials (cell eating)
Cilia
Hair looking structure that helps cells move
Flagella
A tail-like structure that helps cells move
What are 3 types of reproduction is prokaryotes?
Endospores, binary fission, and conjugation
Define "lysogenic infection"
After a virus infects a cell, it embeds itself in the host's genetic material allowing itself to replicate through cell division. It will eventually enter the lytic cycle.
Define "lytic Infection"
The phage injects its genetic material into the host's cell, the phage replicates its DNA and protein is made. And finally, the cell lyses and releases phage.
Difference between archaea and bacteria?
Archaea doesn't have peptoglycin in the cell wall
Describe bacterial conjugation
Builds a temporary union between 2 organisms in order to transfer genetic material.
Define "bacteriophage"
Type of virus that infects bacteria.
Difference between virus and other microorganisms?
Viruses are not living and need a host to reproduce/survive, other microorganism don't.
Compare photosynthesis and cellular respiration
They're opposites of each other
Photosynthesis
Reactants : Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP
Resultants: Oxygen and Glucose (6 O2 + C6H12O6)
Cellular respiration
Reactants: Oxygen and Glucose
Resultants: Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP
What happens during electron transport?
The energy captured by NADH and FADH2 is used to synthesize ATP
Difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration
Aerobic is with oxygen, anaerobic is without oxygen
Another name for the Krebs cycle
The Citric Acid Cycle
What happens during glycolysis and where does it take place?
In glycolysis, glucose molecules are broken down into 2 pyruvic acid molecules. This happens within the cytoplasm.
Where does the Krebs cycle take place?
The matrix of the mitochondria.
Fermentation (Where? By-product? Definition?)
Where : In the cytoplasm
By-product : Alcohol and lactic acid
Definition : The release of energy without the presence of oxygen
Compare Autotrophs to heterotrophs
Autotrophs: Make their own food
Heterotrophs: Get their food from other sources
Compare 2 types of fermentation
Alcohol fermentation: Occurs in plants, produces ethyl alcohol
Lactic acid fermentation: Occurs in animals, produces lactic acid
Name the three parts of cellular respiration and their reactants and resultants
Glycolysis: Glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvic acid (2 ATP formed)
Krebs Cycle: Pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide (2 ATP formed)
Electron Transport Chain: NADH and FADH2 are used to convert ADP into ATP (34 ATP formed)
Compare plant and animal cells:
Animal : Cell membrane, shape is not defined, many mitochondria, no photosynthesis, no chloroplasts
Plant : Cell wall, defined shape, photosynthesis, fewer mitochondria, carry on fermentation
3 types of bacteria, their shapes, and movement
Types : Bacteria, archaea, eukarya
Shapes : Bacilli (rod), cocci (sphere), spirilla (spiral)
Movement : Flagella, pilli, external forces (wind), glide on secretions
What are the 3 part of cell theory?
All living things are made of cells
All cells are the structure and function of all living things
Cells are made from existing cells