Patho Pharm Exam 2: Diuretics

What do diuretics do?

make you urinate

what is one of the primary functions of the kidneys?

form and excrete waste products

how much urine is considered oliguria?

under 400 mL

Thiazide diuretics work on which area of the nephron?

distal tubule

Loop diuretics work on which area of the nephron?

Ascending loop of Henle

Prototype of the osmotic diuretics

Mannitol

What does anuria mean?

No urine

Prototype of the potassium sparing diuretics

Spironolactone

Prototype of the loop diuretics

Furosemide (Lasix)

What is the mechanism of action of the thiazide diuretics?

work in distal tubule and block reabsorption

Prototype of the thiazide diuretics

Hydrochlorothiazide

Do potassium sparing diuretics cause a large or small amount of diuresis?

small amount

Which diuretic is most helpful with increased intracranial pressure?

Mannitol

How much blood supply goes to the kidneys?

25%

Do loop diuretics cause a large or small amount of diuresis?

large amount

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

the nephron

In what organ is BUN made?

liver

Potassium sparing diuretics work on which area of the nephron?

distal tubule

What medications when given with furosemide increase the risk of nephrotoxicity?

1. aminoglycosides

2. cephalosporins

What is one of the main uses of thiazide diuretics?

hypertension

Side effects of thiazide diuretics

• hypotension

• weakness

• dizziness

• electrolyte disturbances

• erectile dysfunction

Side effects of loop diuretics

• fluid and electrolyte imbalances

• ototoxicity

What is creatinine?

catabolic product of creatine phosphate (used in muscle contraction)

Side effects of potassium sparing diuretics

• dizziness

• headache

• abdominal cramping

• diarrhea

• androgen receptor stimulation (testosterone effects)

• hyperkalemia

• tumorigenic

Tumorigenic

cause you to grow tumors

What GFR value shows healthy kidney function?

Over 60