Unit 8: The Mole - CK12 Flexbook Notes

Flashcards covering key concepts and definitions related to the mole, stoichiometry, percent composition, and chemical formulas.

Mole

A mole is a unit that measures the amount of substance, defined as containing exactly 6.022 imes 10^{23} representative particles.

Avogadro's Number

Avogadro's number is 6.022 imes 10^{23} particles, which is the number of particles in one mole of a substance.

Representative Particle

The smallest unit of a substance that retains its chemical properties, such as an atom, molecule, or formula unit.

Molar Mass

The mass of one mole of a substance, usually expressed in grams per mole (g/mol), representing the mass of its chemical formula.

STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure)

A standard reference point for gases, defined as 0 degrees Celsius and 1 atmosphere pressure, used to relate gas volume to moles.

Density of a Gas at STP

The mass per unit volume of a gas measured at standard temperature and pressure, usually expressed in g/L.

Stoichiometry

The calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions based on the balanced chemical equation.

Limiting Reactant

The reactant in a chemical reaction that is completely consumed first, limiting the amount of products formed.

Theoretical Yield

The maximum amount of product that can be produced from a given amount of reactant, calculated from the balanced equation.

Percent Yield

The ratio of the actual yield of a product to the theoretical yield, expressed as a percentage.

Empirical Formula

The simplest whole-number ratio of elements in a compound, representing the basic composition.

Molecular Formula

The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule, which can be a multiple of the empirical formula.

Molarity

A measure of concentration defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution, expressed in mol/L.