Health Revision Y9

layers of drug effect

layers of drug effect

• centre - user

• layer 1 - parents, siblings, close friends

• layer 2 - school staff, employers, neighbors, community members, relatives

• layer 3 - paramedics, fire and emergency officers, police, healthcare workers, drug & alcohol counsellors, insurance companies, children’s court

4 Ls

L - liver - health problems, psychological, emotional, physiological

L - lover - problems surrounding relationships

L - lifestyle - problems with accomodation, work, finances, education, recreation

L - law - problems associated with law, including criminal/civil proceedings

ABCD model

used to process scenarios

• A - Antecedents (event, situation)

• B - Beliefs (beliefs and thoughts regarding drugs and situation)

• C - Consequences (what will happen if I do this scenario)

• D - Do (what do i do?)

potential harms in ABCD model

consider with every scenario:

• body

• mind

• future

something to remember in the ABCD model

include beliefs/consequences/do that are both POSITIVE and NEGATIVE

potential risks

• mind

• health

• family and friends

• future law

6 steps for seeking help

1. recognise the problem

2. think of best person to help

3. approach them

4. explain how you feel

5. name the problem

6. request help

who’s on my team

parents, friends, teachers, coaches, co-workers

consider _____ when thinking of people that you can help

attributes, values, and what they’ve done before

resource list

• St John Ambulance

• Mental Health Commission

  • overall

  • strong spirit strong mind

  • drug aware

  • drug talk

  • alcohol think again

• support lines:

  • alcohol and drugs from MHC

  • kids help line

  • beyond blue

  • beyond blue youth

  • life line

  • drug aware life chat

  • headspace

conversation to help a friend - what to consider

• right time

• right place

• say something positive

• only your feelings

• dont equate person to their behaviour

• be specific

• don’t argue

help facilitators

helpers being:

• trustworthy

• supportive

• understanding

• confidential

• experts in AD

• culturally responsive

• know how to seek further help

barriers to seeking help

• lack of:

  • trust

  • knowledge

  • appropriate services

  • confidentiality

  • emotional competence

• fears of:

  • burden

  • escalation

  • judgement

• negative past experiences

• inaccessible services

• overly independent

• shame, embarrassment, guilt

psychoactive drugs affect

the CNS

psychoactive drugs alter

• mood

• thinking

• behaviour

depressant drugs

decrease alertness by slowing down the CNS

polydrug use

mixing multiple drugs and using them

the drug experience is

different for everyone

drug definiton

a drug is any substance that, when taken into the body, has a physiological effect

psychoactive/psychotropic drugs

alter the way you experience yourself and the world when ingested

psychoactive or psychotropic drugs alter

mood

behaviour

thoughts

perceptions

psychoactive drugs are classified based on

their effect on the central nervous system

how many classifications of psychoactive drugs are there?

4

what is the central part of the CNS?

the brain

where do psychoactive drugs have their main effect?

the brain

stimulant psychoactive drugs

speed up brain behaviour

examples of stimulant drugs

methamphetamines, caffeine, ecstasy

depressant psychoactive drugs

slow down brain activity

examples of depressant drugs

alcohol

hallucinogen psychoactive drugs

alter users sensory perceptions by distorting the messages carried in the CNS

examples of hallucinogens

magic mushrooms, LSD

multiple action psychoactive drugs

those that do not fit well into other categories

examples of multiple action psychoactive drugs

cannabis, ecstasy

formula for drug use

you + drug + environment = experience

zinbergs model

triangle with 3 parts:

• you

• environment

• drug

you part of zinberg’s model

• age

• experience with drug

• mental health

• mood

• tired

• alone

• gender

• if you’ve eaten

• dehydration

drug part of zinberg’s model

• what drug is it

• how much did you take

• how did you take it

• how many drugs did you take

environment part of zinberg’s model

• where were you

• is the location familiar

• are there lots of drugs around you

• are you safe

shafers model

shows levels of intensity regarding usage

how many levels in shafers model and what are they

5

experimental

recreational/social

situational

intensive

compulsive

experimental

single or short term use motivated by curiosity or the need to fit in

recreational

used to enchance an experience eg a party

situational

using drugs for a specific reason

intensive

regular and ongoing use of a drug at a high level or an ongoing period of time and or binging on an excessive amount at once

compulsive

withdrawing from the drug is challenging, ongoing and at a high level

the use of the drug is central to functioning day to day

thorley’s model

shows 3 different patterns of drug use

thorley’s model aspects

harms from intoxication

harms from dependency

harms from regular use

alcohol is

a clear colourless substance produced via fermentation and found in alcoholic drinks such as wine

alcohol drug type

psychoactive depressant, supresses nerve pathways

alcohol intake symptoms

sluggish, lethargic

alcohol affects

hippocampus - memory, perfrontal lobe - various functions

cannabis

multiaction drug that comes from hemp leaves

why is cannabis a multi-action drug?

it contains a substance called THC which has both depressant and mild hallucinogenic properties

3 forms of cannabis

oil, resin, dried plant

effects of cannabis

• euphoria

• relaxation

• impaired balance and coordination

• loss of concentration

• increase in appetite

• hallucinations

• paranoia/anxiety

• mental health conditions

risks of cannabis

lung cancer, bronchitis

cannabis legal state

prohibited substance in WA

however, medicinal cannabis is legal

prescription drugs

prescribed by a doctor or brought over the counter in a pharmacy

over the counter drugs are

depressants

prescription drug risks

overdose

prescription drugs legal status

illegal to sell or share

illegal to forge or alter prescriptions

illegal to use drugs without a prescription

electronic cigarettes

batter powered devices which heat liquid (e liquid) into an aerosol which is inhaled into a person’s lungs

electronic cigarettes use…

inhaled liquid nicotine

e-cigarette regulations

unregulated

therefore unsafe, unable to determine if they are safer than regular tobacco products

e-cigarette risks

cancer

lung damage

e-cigarettes legal status

• illegal to sell

• illegal to possess (if containing nicotine)

• can be legally prohibited in locations

methamphetamine

stimulant drug, synthetic - created by mixing together chemicals

methamphetamine time

2-3 days to leave system, 6-12 hours effects

methamphetamine 3 forms

• oily substance (base)

• crystals (ice)

• powder (speed)

methamphetamine legal status

prohibited substance - illegal to sell, possess, manufacture etc

illegal to drive under its influence

ecstasy

illegal drug in the amphetamine category

ecstasy classification

multi-action - stimulant and hallucinogenic

ecstasy production

synthetically manufactured into tablets, unregulated and typically has MDMA

ecstasy legal status

prohibited substance

NPS stands for

new psychoactive substances

NPS

mimic real drugs through synthetic manufactured chemicals

NPS types

3 types:

• party drugs

• synthetic cannabis

• research chemicals and drug analogues

NPS risks and ingredients

unknown

synthetic cannabis

chemical resembling THC is sprayed onto plants

synthetic cannabis risks

unknown

synthetic cannabis legal status

prohibited substance

tobacco

plant product containing nicotine (stimulant drug)

tobacco risks

increases risks of cancer and lung damage

tobacco legal status

legal and regulated

PIEDS

performance and image enchancing drugs

PIEDs…

including steroids, are a large group of compounds produced by organisms that improve the body’s function

PIED groups

• anabolic androgenic steroids - speed up growth and repair, naturally occuring but manufactured synthetically

• peptides - stimulated HGH

• hormones - such as HGH, stimulate HGH as well

PIEDS legal status

prohibited substance without a prescription

illegal to use in competitive sport